This article is devoted to the pathologies of the hepatobiliary system in highly productive imported Holstein cattle against the background of metabolic disorders. The basic principles of diagnostics of hepatopathies, which include a biochemical blood test and ultrasonographic studies of the liver and gallbladder in the studied animals, are considered. The dynamics of changes in the parameters of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin in highly productive cattle, depending on the physiological state of animals, was analyzed, as well as the main ultrasonographic changes in the liver of cows with metabolic disorders.
Diseases of the digestive organs in animals are quite common. They account for from 40.0 to 50.0 percent of all diseases with non-infectious pathology. Assessment of the possible consequences of the above-mentioned pathological processes, as well as the appointment of adequate treatment is extremely difficult without clear knowledge of the peculiarities of blood supply to internal organs. In connection with the above, the purpose of the study is to establish the features of the course and branching of the abdominal artery in a domestic cat. The material for the study was the corpses of ten cats aged eight to twelve years, excluding Maine Coon cats. The study was carried out using the method of vasorentgenography. The injection of the vascular bed was carried out through the abdominal aorta according to the generally accepted method. The injection mass was made according to the recipe: 1 part lead meerkat, 8 parts turpentine, 2 parts glycerin. After coagulation of the injection mass by performing a fine anatomical dissection, an organ complex was extracted from the corpse, including: the stomach with the final part of the esophagus and the initial part of the duodenum, pancreas and liver. X-ray shooting of the obtained preparations was carried out under the following technical conditions: current - 50 mA; tube voltage - 35 kV; focal length up to 50-60 cm; exposure - up to 1.5-3.0 seconds. Digital processing of the obtained images in order to determine morphometric parameters was carried out using the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer software. It was found that the abdominal artery in a domestic cat carries arterial blood to the stomach, liver and pancreas. On its way, it gives rise to the splenic, left gastric and common hepatic arteries, which, branching many times, form a number of intra-systemic anastomoses that form the pathways of collateral blood flow of the above organs.
The mammalian pancreas is a gland of a mixed type of secretion. Its composition morphologically distinguishes two parts that perform different functions – exocrine and endocrine. In many diseases, there are pronounced disturbances in their work, which has a significant impact on the state of the body. Literature data concerning the microscopic organization of pancreatic tissues do not allow us to recreate a complete picture of its architectonics. The latter is necessary for understanding the physiological processes occurring in the body of animals and predicting the outcome of diseases associated with the defeat of this organ. Considering the above, we set a goal – to establish the features of the microstructural organization of the pancreas in a domestic pig. Pancreatic tissue samples obtained from five sexually mature meat-fed pigs at the age of eight months, during slaughter, were used for the research. The selected material was subjected to fixation in a 10.0% solution of neutral formalin during the day. Further processing of the selected samples in order to obtain histological sections of tissues was carried out according to generally accepted methods. based on histomorphological studies, it was found that the pancreas of a domestic pig by the type of its structure belongs to parenchymal organs, and by the type of its structural organization to complex alveolar-tubular glands. Two closely interacting parts were found in its composition. The first of them – exocrine – is represented by pancreatic acinuses and a system of excretory ducts. The second is endocrine – pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). At the same time, the exocrine part occupies a larger volume of the parenchyma of the organ, in comparison with the endocrine. Both of the above parts have clear morphological differences.
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