The appearance of one's skin reflects a person's general health and is one of the main indicators of human age. 1 As skin ages, it tends to become uneven in color, roughened, lax, and wrinkled due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors (eg, photodamage). A major feature of aged skin is fragmentation of the dermal collagen matrix. Fragmentation results from the actions of specific enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases) and impairs the structural integrity of the dermis. Fibroblasts that produce and organize the collagen matrix cannot attach to fragmented collagen. Loss of attachment prevents fibroblasts from receiving mechanical information from their support, and they collapse. 2 Stretch is critical for normal balanced production of collagen and collagen-degrading enzymes. In aged skin, collapsed fibroblasts produce low levels of collagen and high levels of collagen-degrading enzymes. This imbalance advances the aging process in a selfperpetuating, never-ending deleterious cycle. 2 Many different materials, energy-based devices, and techniques have been shown to offer good results in facial rejuvenation. 3 Ablative techniques are still considered the most effective methods for improving photodamaged skin, but are associated with a prolonged recovery time and high risk of side effects. 4 The CO 2 and Er:YAG (2940 nm) wavelengths are ablative wavelengths used for many different applications including facial skin resurfacing.Ablative lasers vaporize the epidermis and part of the dermis, leaving a zone of thermal injury responsible for collagen shrinkage and remodeling. [5][6][7] Post-procedure, the epidermis has to heal, requiring at least some recovery time. Non-invasive and minimally/non-ablative methods without downtime are therefore gaining popularity in modern dermatological laser therapy. Recently, a non-ablative mode of
Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина, г. Екатеринбург, Россия проГноЗироВаниЕ покаЗаТЕлЕЙ конкУрЕнТоСпоСоБноСТи крУпнЫХ проиЗВодСТВЕннЫХ комплЕкСоВ Аннотация. В статье на основе анализа существующих подходов к оценке и прогнозированию конкурентоспособности предприятий и производственных комплексов предложен оригинальный авторский методический инструментарий к проведению такой оценки и прогнозированию показателей конкурентоспособности производственных комплексов. В основу оценки конкурентоспособности производственных комплексов положена методика, комплексно учитывающая различные стороны деятельности исследуемого ПК на основе сравнительного анализа с ведущими конкурентами в разрезе двух крупных направлений: текущей конкурентоспособности и конкурентного потенциала производственного комплекса. В рамках указанных направлений сформирована блочная структура показателей конкурентоспособности производственного комплекса, включающая следующие блоки показателей: для оценки текущей конкурентоспособности-операционной эффективности и положения на рынке, конкурентоспособности основных видов продукции, состояния и эффективности функционирования производственно-технологической базы, эффективность функционирования кадров и кадровой политики, качества организации и управления деятельностью, инвестиционной и инновационной активности, рисков, связанных с деятельностью производственного комплекса; для оценки конкурентного потенциала-потенциала использования производственной мощности, рыночного потенциала, соответствия кадровой квалификации персонала требованиям научно-технического прогресса. По каждому блоку разработаны состав отдельных показателей конкурентоспособности, их базовые (эталонные) значения, подходы и алгоритмы к определению (расчету) показателей. В основу прогнозирования показателей конкурентоспособности производственных комплексов положен сценарный подход, опирающийся на сценарные условия развития экономики страны и ключевых рынков сбыта продукции рассматриваемых производственных комплексов. Сформирован пошаговый алгоритм построения прогноза значений бизнес-показа-881
Reviewed scientific publications that define the location of foci of chronic infections in dermatology. Indicated by the currently existing problematic issues and their solutions.
The paper presents a method of obtaining high-dispersed zinc powders by electrolysis and comparison of the properties of zinc-rich compositions prepared using as a pigment zinc powders obtained by different methods. Measurements have shown that the electrical conductivity of zinc-rich coatings containing electrolytic zinc powder, not inferior to the conductivity of the film with powder PZHD-0 obtained by the method of evaporation-condensation, despite the significant difference in the amount of zinc pigment. On the basis of the received data we can conclude that the use of electrolytic zinc powder as a pigment will significantly save zinc.
In the work the surface area of the electrode with dispersed copper deposit obtained within 30 seconds was evaluated by techniques of chronopotentiometry (CPM) and impedance spectroscopy. In method CPM the electrode surface available for measurement depends on the value of the polarizing current. At high currents during the transition time there is a change of surface relief that can not determine the full surface of loose deposit. The electrochemical impedance method is devoid of this shortcoming since the measurements are carried out in indifferent electrolyte in the absence of current. The area measured by the impedance is tens of times higher than the value obtained by chronopotentiometry. It is found that from a solution containing sulfuric acid the deposits form with a high specific surface area. Based on these data it was concluded that the method of impedance spectroscopy can be used to measure in situ the surface area of the dispersed copper deposits.Key words: current, chronopotentiometry, loose copper deposit, depletion factor, impedance spectroscopy. Е. А. Долматова, А. В. Патрушев, Т. Н. ОстанинаИзмерение удельной поверхности рыхлого осадка меди электрохимическими методами В работе проведена оценка площади поверхности электрода с дисперсным осадком меди, полученным в течение 30 секунд методами хронопотенциометрии (ХПМ) и импедансной спектроскопии. В методе ХПМ поверхность электрода, доступная для измерения, зависит от величины поляризующего тока. При больших токах в течение переходного времени проис-ходит изменение рельефа поверхности, что не позволяет определить полную поверхность рыхлого осадка. Метод электрохимического импеданса лишен этого недостатка, так как из-мерения проводятся в индифферентном электролите в отсутствие тока. Площадь, измерен-ная методом импеданса, в десятки раз превышает значения, полученные методом хронопо-тенциометрии. Установлено, что из раствора, содержащего серную кислоту, формируются осадки с высокой удельной поверхностью. На основании полученных данных сделан вывод, что метод импедансной спектроскопии может быть использован для измерения in situ площа-ди поверхности дисперсных осадков меди.Ключевые слова: ток; хронопотенциометрия; осадок свободной меди; коэффициент истощения; импедансная спектроскопия.© Dolmatova E. A., Patrushev A. V., Ostanina T. N., 2016 Dolmatova E. A., Patrushev A. V., Ostanina T. N.
Purpose: to analyze eyeball and appendage damages inflicted by criminal injuries of patients who sought assistance by the emergency ophthalmological care unit in Perm.Materials and methods. The data of the patients’register and medical histories of the ophthalmological department of the State Clinical Hospital No. 2 named after Dr. F. H. Gral of Perm for 2018–2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results. Out of 30428 cases of domestic injuries, 847 (2.8%) were received under criminal circumstances. The victims, predominantly male (77.6%), and of working age (93.7%), were delivered by ambulance in 51.6% of cases. The majority of people sought assistance within 24 hours (90%). The injuries were inflicted by strangers (59.5%) or acquaintances of the patients. 1257 eyes were injured. The prevailing conditions were contusions (46.9%), while the most common traumatizing factor was first punch (79.6%). Combined damages to the eyeball and appendage were more common, claiming 72.6%. Visual acuity fell below 0.1 in 5.6% of cases, 0.1–0.6 in 57.6%, 0.7–1.0 in 36.8% of cases. 45.9% of all cases were represented by eye burns: mainly they were chemical burns (99.5%) of which the overwhelming type was burns caused by gas spray irritants (97.9%). In burn cases, visual acuity was below 0.1 in 1.4% of cases, 0.1–0.6 in 62.6%, 0.7–0.8 in 36% of cases. The wounds inflicted to the eye amounted to 7.2%, the damaging factors being handgun bullet, glass, metallic objects. Injuries of the eyelids and the eyeball were observed. Most of the injuries were mild (91.3%). 5.83% of the victims needed hospitalization in an ophthalmological in-patient facility.Conclusion. The eye trauma, especially one of a criminal nature, is a social problem, and its analysis is highly relevant. The data obtained illustrates the need to increase the general culture of the population, to improve sanitary and educational work, and optimize medical care for those suffered.
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