Aim. To study the polymorphism of the genes calpastatin (CAST), somatotropin (GH) and differential growth factor (GDF9) of sheep of the Dagestan mountain breed.Material and Methods. Studies on the genetic typing of Dagestan mountain sheep according to CAST, GH and GDF9 genes were carried out in conditions of distant pasture farming in the Republic of Dagestan by the Genetics and Breeding Laboratory of the Federal Agrarian Scientific Centre of the Republic of Dagestan, an accredited laboratory of immunogenetics and DNA technologies of the All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding and a branch of the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Centre. These investigations were undertaken by the PCR-RFLP method (polymyrase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) on a Tersik four-channel programmable thermal cycler from DNA-Technologia (Russia) using specific primers synthesized in the SYNTHOL research and production laboratory (Moscow).Results. Carrying out PCR-RFLP revealed breed-specific alleles with different frequency of occurrence, which was: in the locus of the CAST gene - allele CASTN - 0.03; allele CASTM - 0.97; at the GH gene locus - GHA allele - 100.0, GHB allele - 0; in the locus of the GDF9 gene - the GDF9A allele - 0.25, the GDF9G allele - 0.75, which determined the frequency of occurrence of the homo- and heterozygous genotypes: CASTNN, CASTMM and CASTNM - 93.0; 0 and 7.0%; GHAA, GHBB and GHAB - 100.0 and 0%; GDF9AA, GDF9GG and GDF9АG- 16.0, 66.0 and 19.0%, respectively.Conclusion. The regularity revealed can be considered as an ecological factor that optimizes the adaptive functions of the sheep's organism, on the one hand, an evolutionary selection process that contributes to the creation of a specific way of genetic structures in the population, on the other. The assumption is made that the information obtained can serve as the beginning of a more in-depth study of the unique gene pool of sheep of the Dagestan rock breed for its further improvement. Variants of genetic marker profiles of parental pairs are proposed for accumulation in breeding herds bred in different ecological-geographical zones and genotypes of carriers of selection-significant genetic structures.
Aim. One of the important tasks in solving the problem of improving the efficiency of sheep breeding is the rational use of fodder lands in the North Caucasus and the South of Russia, a significant part of which is located in different natural and climatic conditions. The complexity of solutions lies in insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation of farm animals, in particular sheep, to the ecological and geographical features of these regions. The purpose of this research was to study the genetic polymorphism of genes, the degree of genetic variability and immune status in sheep of different breeds, since genetic polymorphism is a measure of its adaptability and the hematopoietic function of blood is the basis of the life of the organism.Material and Methods. The genetic structure of the GH/Hae III, GDF9/AsplEI genes and immune status, was studied by the methods of genetic‐statistical and immune analysis in sheep of different breeds kept in different climatic zones of Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.Results. As a result of DNA genotyping of the studied samples of sheep of different breeds, it was found that polymorphism of GH/HaeIII, GDF9/AsplEI genes is represented by three genotype variants: homozygous GH/HaeIIIАА, GH/HaeIIIВВ; GDF9/AsplEIАА, GDF9/AsplEIGG; heterozygous GH/HaeIIIAB; GDF9/AsplEIAG and two alleles: A and B – of the GH/HaeIII gene; A and G – GDF9/AsplEI gene with different frequency of occurrence, respectively.Conclusion. For the first time, genetic variability has been studied in the context of the immune status of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and Krasnodar Territory. The information obtained about the role of the degree of genetic variability and the immune status of sheep of different breeds is answered in the formation of adaptive‐compensatory mechanisms to specific conditions of the breeding environment. A deeper study of the adaptive characteristics of sheep of different breeds for their further improvement allows the use of molecular genetic and hematological methods.
Relevance and methods. The article considers the experience of studying the effect of crossing Kalmyk sheep and dorper sheep-breeders in order to increase meat productivity. Crossbred rams of the experimental group had better indicators than rams in the control group in terms of live weight, depending on the conditions of pasture maintenance. Dagestan has a fifth of the Russian sheep and goat population and a quarter of wool production. In this area sheep breeding has a unique specificity, twice a year cattle are driven from summer to winter pastures and back. The distance between the pasture areas is more than 570 km. Of the total number of sheep, 71.5% falls on the Dagestan mountain breed.Results. To further increase the level of profitability of fine-wool sheep breeding it is of great importance to develop research on the economic and useful characteristics of young Dagestani fine-wool sheep and their crossbreeds with Russian meat merino sheep, depending on the driving and pasture system of keeping.
В статье приведены результаты исследований роста и развития чистопородного кавказского бурого и помесного (кавказская бурая × швицкая) молодняка и воспроизводительной способности телок. Помесные телки при рождении имели живую массу 26,7 кг, а чистопородные — 23,9 кг, то есть преимущество в пользу первых составило 2,8 кг. Различия в показателях живой массы сохранялись и в последующие периоды — в 18-месячном возрасте разница в пользу помесей составляла уже 9,8 кг. Разница в живой массе бычков при рождении составила 2,3 кг, а в 18 мес — 8,3 кг. Помесный молодняк имел преимущество по высотным промерам в возрасте 18 мес на 0,3—1,2 см, а по широтным (ширине, глубине и обхвату груди) — на 0,3—1,9 см. Помесные животные имели более удлиненное туловище на 2,0 см. Продолжительность их стельности в среднем была на 2,1 дня больше (280,4) по сравнению с чистопородными. По показателю крупноплодности бычки, полученные от помесных первотелок, превзошли чистопородных на 1,9%, а телки — на 1,6%. Живая масса первотелок опытной группы была на 16,2 кг больше, чем в контрольной — 385,4 кг против 369,2 кг. За фактическую лактацию помесные первотелки имели удой выше, чем чистопородные, на 96,9 кг, по выходу молочного жира превосходство было на 3,5 кг и белка — на 3,0 кг. The article presents the results of research on the growth and development of purebred Caucasian brown and crossbred (Caucasian brown × Swiss) young animals and the reproductive capacity of heifers. Crossbred heifers at birth had a live weight of 26.7 kg, and purebred — 23.9 kg, that is, the advantage in favor of the first was 2.8 kg. Differences in live weight indicators persisted in subsequent periods — at 18 months of age, the difference in favor of crossbreeds was already 9.8 kg. Differences in the live weight of calves at birth were 2.3 kg, and at 18 months — 8.3 kg. Crossbred youngsters had an advantage in height measurements at the age of 18 months by 0.3—1.2 cm, and in latitudinal measurements (width, depth and chest circumference) — by 0.3—1.9 cm. Crossbred animals had a more elongated body by 2.0 cm. The duration of their pregnancy was on average 2.1 days longer (280.4) compared to purebreds. In terms of the large-fruited bulls obtained from crossbred heifers, purebred exceeded by 1.9% and heifers by 1.6%. The live weight of cows in the experimental group was 16.2 kg more than in the control 385,4 kg vs 369,2 kg. In terms of milk yield for actual lactation, crossbred first — born calves had a higher yield than purebred calves by 96.9 kg, in terms of milk fat yield, the superiority was 3.5 kg and protein — 3.0 kg.
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