The relationship between the spring wheat yield in the Tetyushsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan and meteorological parameters characterizing the temperature and humidity regime in the 50-year period 1970-2019 is considered. A multiple regression equation is obtained, where the predictors are the yield of spring wheat, and the predictors are the average precipitation for may-June, the average amount of precipitation for the growing season (may-August), precipitation for the year and June, air temperature for June, and the average air temperature for the period may-June. Correlations were found between individual meteorological parameters, as well as between the actual yield and meteorological indicators. It is shown that meteorological conditions (precipitation and air temperature) of the spring-summer period (may-June) have the greatest impact on the crop. Analysis of the regression equations showed that there is a satisfactory agreement between the actual and calculated data on spring wheat yield, which allows using them for predictive purposes.
The article examines the possibility of forecasting the spring wheat the productivity according to the content of mobile forms of phosphorus, potassium, applied amount of mineral and organic fertilizers. Deviation of the projected yield from actual comes to 31%, and the forecasting yield of the moving average drops to 4.6%. During the observation period the spring wheat productivity increased from 11.6 to 18.7 kilogram per hectare, an increase was 7.1 tons per hectare with an average yield of 17.4 tons per hectare. The productivity of spring wheat exhibits a very unstable value, which is evidenced by the high variation coefficient - 43.3%. There is a positive correlation between security soil by phosphorus, potassium and spring wheat yield. It is positive according to phosphorus for the actual and derivative wheat yield, the higher rates of coefficients was according U11. Potassium also has a positive association with yield. However, the correlation coefficients of potassium are higher (0.57-0.0.94), than of phosphorus (0.50-0.84). This fact suggests, that potassium in macroelement is more scarce, than phosphorus. Apparently, this feature of mobile potassium is manifested by solubility characteristics of the potassium compounds in aqueous medium, despite a sufficient amount of its gross shapes in soils. Studies prove once again, that the basis of of productivity formation is security by nutrient macroelements and peculiarities of economic activities. In addition to more accurately actual spring wheat yield it is necessary to attract agro-climatic indicators. The projections data are also a good tool for assessing the economic activity of individual districts, regions, and land users of different levels.
Irrigation creates a unique way to dispose manure effluents from livestock complexes in specially designated agricultural sewage farms (ASF). Theoretical foundations and practical methods of using manure runoff and selecting crops taking into account their incomplete dehelminthization were developed by the team of authors of this study. It was established that the use of manure effluents after their stepwise preparation ensures the production of 56.9 t/ha of green mass of perennial grass with production profitability from 58 to 86%, 57.0 t/ha of corn and 46.7 t/ha of feed mixtures against 33.8 t/ha on the control version of the experiment. These cultures go through the conservation stage. In this regard, they are environmentally friendly sources of feed in the diets of various groups of animals.
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