: £ ÕÑ ÉÇ ÄÓÇÏâ ÃÑÎßÛËÐÔÕÄÑ ÕÇÑÓÇÕËÚÇÔÍËØ ÓÂÃÑÕ ÐÇ ÖÚËÕÞÄÂÇÕ Ä AEÄÖØÕÇÏÒÇÓÂÕÖÓÐÑÌ ÏÑAEÇÎË àÎÇÍÕÓÑÐÐÖá Ë ÒÎÂÊÏÇÐÐÖá àÏËÔÔËá [9 ë 11, 14, 15, 24, 35, 43, 44, 63, 64] [28,29,40,59,61,62,105,107,122,123] [30,45,46,55,59,84,124,135,143,144,156,157] Different basic mechanisms of material surface ablation produced by ultrashort laser pulses are considered in succession with increasing the supplied laser energy density: the low-threshold ultrafast plasma expansion at the electron dynamics stage, spallative melt ablation, and explosive hydrodynamic supercritical êuid expansion, including the related sequence of basic relaxation processes.