An effective system of children’s and youth sports, selection and preparation of a the reserve for national teams predetermines the success of athletes in international competitions. Therefore, the development of medical and biological support of children’s sports is an important part of sports medicine. It is proved that when building a training process for different ages, it is necessary to take into account the adaptation processes, as well as the energy supply of the child’s organism. Based on numerous studies, we can conclude that mitochondria play the most important role in the process of energy supply, as well as carnitine, a substance that is a carrier of long chain fatty acids into the cytosol, an activator of beta oxidation and the Krebs cycle. Timely detection of factors adversely affecting and limiting physical activity at the macro level (overtraining, incompatibility of physical activity with the body capabilities) and at the micro level (carnitine deficiency), the ability to eliminate these factors and the adequate use of correction tools help to achieve high results in sports and preserve the health of the athlete.
Background. Among the population living in Russia, the frequency of selenium deficiency in the body is more than 80%. An unbalanced diet in terms of the level of selenium supply to the body leads to metabolic disorders among the adult population. Aim. Study of the relationship between the insufficient level of selenium supply of the body in different periods of the year and changes in body composition, basal metabolism among the adult population aged 2550 years. Material and methods. In the autumn, winter and spring periods, the adult population aged 2550 years, living in the Leninogorsk district of the Republic of Tatarstan, of the 1st group of physical activity (n=143, of which 47% were men) was examined. The body composition was assessed using the ABC-01 Medass analyzer for bioimpedansometry. The content of selenium in the hair was studied using an atomic emission spectrometer. An assessment of the obesity and overweight prevalence in the adult population with selenium content below the reference values and the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval was made. Laboratory studies of dishes and foodstuffs for selenium content were carried out using an atomic absorption spectrometer. To assess the actual consumption of food products and dishes, the method of 24-hour (daily) reproduction of nutrition by questioning respondents on a 14-day menu was used. Statistical processing of the studied indicators was performed by the Spearman correlation method, mathematical and centile methods. Results. In bioassays with a low level of selenium in the hair (25 centile interval), the largest proportion of subjects with selenium deficiency was noted in autumn in more than 60% of cases, both among men with a 95% confidence interval Z-score=248, and among women with 95% confidence interval Z-score=240, while in spring only 18% and 42% at 95% confidence interval Z-score=72 and 168, respectively. When studying the relationship of selenium content in hair with morphofunctional indicators, significant correlations were found using the Spearman method with body mass index (RNovember=0.389), active cell mass (RFebruary=0.260; RMay=0.318), and basal metabolism (RMay=0.313; RNovember=0.294). Analysis of diets revealed a lack of selenium content in food products and ready-made meals in the autumn-winter period in both men (4046%, n=67) and women (5461%, n=76), in spring-summer period in 35 and 42% of cases, respectively. The lower the level of selenium in the hair (in the body), the higher the body mass index, the lower the active cell mass and the basal metabolism. There is no correlation with fat and skeletal muscle mass. The basic exchange is reduced at an insufficient of selenium supply in the body. Conclusion. The results indicate an insufficient intake of selenium in the body with a daily diet and the relationship of body mass index, basal metabolism with an insufficient level of selenium in the body.
The state of health of the population living in the zone of influence of chemical production of Kazan is studied. The indicators of health of the population in the zone of influence of the enterprise are analyzed. The assessment of health risk from the effects of pollutant atmospheres-tion of air in accordance with the Manual R 2.1.10.1920–04. The priority polluting substances and priority groups of diseases characteristic for the studied territory are allocated: diseases of blood and hematopoiesis and respiratory organs. The priority list includes 40 substances, including 19 carcinogens. When ranked by the contribution to the total emissions of all pollution-complementary substances are distributed by hazard class. The greatest contribution to the total emissions is made by substances of the 3rd and 4th hazard classes (69.0 %), that is, moderately and low-hazard. For priority pollutants (ethylene, carbon oxide, benzene, ethylene oxide, nitrogen dioxide) contained in the emissions of the studied production of organic synthesis, similar organs and systems are characterized, which suggests its significant contribution to the formation of health indicators under the influence of this list of emissions. On the basis of the obtained values of risks, the necessity of increasing the boundaries of the sanitary protection zone of the plant was confirmed, a program of laboratory control of air pollutants at the stationary station was developed.
Aim. Evaluation of the awareness of health workers of vaccine prevention at the present stage. Methods. To achieve the aim, survey of health workers of the Republic of Tatarstan was conducted using the developed questionnaire. The coverage of survey was 3 250 people. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 programs. Results. The conducted study revealed that a significant proportion (95 %) of health workers were positive about vaccine prevention, were vaccinated themselves and vaccinated their children. The most prevalent forms of informing parents of vaccinated children about adverse reactions after vaccination are oral recommendations by the doctor and information sheets about adverse reactions. The majority of interviewed health workers (89.9 %) support the initiative to cancel the right of citizens to refuse vaccination. In the opinion of health workers, the main components of successful organization of vaccine prevention in the medical organization are availability and diversity of vaccines, the level of qualification of medical personnel, and equipment of the vaccination room. Less than half of health workers were trained in specialized training on immunoprevention. The majority of health workers (86.3 %) consider it necessary to expand the national schedule of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Organizational measures to inform health workers in various areas of vaccine prevention are needed to be taken; promising directions are organizing specialized courses on immunoprevention and discussion of relevant aspects of immunization of the population and adverse reactions in post-vaccination period.
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