This paper examines the question of linguistic complexity in two shift ecologies in northeastern Russia. It is frequently claimed that language shift results in linguistic simplification across a range of domains in the grammars of shifting speakers (Campbell and Muntzel 1989; Dorian 1989; O’Shannessy 2011). We challenge the breadth of this claim, showing that while there are undoubtedly patterns that can be described as a simplification of some grammatical domain, the overall grammars of these speakers cannot be said to be “simple,” as simplification in one part of the grammar often corresponds to complexification in other parts (“complexity trade-offs”). Furthermore, patterns that are deemed loss or simplification are often presented in such a way because they are being compared to earlier varieties of the shifting languages; however, such patterns are entirely typologically expected, are consistent with other languages of the world, and can be seen as more or less complex depending on one’s locus of measurement. In this paper, we present incipient changes taking place in Chukchi (Chukotko-Kamchatkan, ISO ckt) and Even (Tungusic, ISO eve) stemming from the modern language shift context. We evaluate these changes against different notions of complexity to demonstrate that a more nuanced approach to morphosyntactic change in language obsolescence is warranted. While morphological simplification is expected in these scenarios, other changes in these speakers’ systems (occurring as potential adaptations in light of simplification) provide a more enlightening avenue for research on shifting varieties.
The object of this research is women’s lyrics in the Even literature. It is underlined that women's poetry, represented by the Evdokia Nikolaevna Bokova, Maria Amamich, Maria Prokopievna Fedotova-Nulgynet, Varvara Grigorievna Belolyubskaya-Arkuk, Ekaterina Nikolaevna Gerasimova-Aynady is not broadly reflected in literary studies, although the topic was discusses by the writers, literary scholars and critics, such as V. B. Okorokovs, V. Shemetov, V. Sivtsev, A. Burykin and others. The subject of this research is the works of Evdokia Bokova and Varvara Arkuk. The article explores the genre uniqueness of poems, as well as cognitive, educational and aesthetic meaning of lyrics in the works of E. Bokova and V. Arkuk. Relevance of this study is defined by the need for conducting contextual analysis of the Even women’s poetry. The scientific novelty consist in characterization of aesthetic uniqueness of women's poetry in the Even literature, and in analysis of certain aspects of the works of E. Bokova, V. Arkuk as a remarkable hue in description of the images of nature and inner emotions of the people of the North. The poems of E. Bokova and V. Arkuk are familiar to wide audience. The collections of poems that enriched the Even poetry with women’s lyricism were published in the mid-1990s in the Even language.
The article identifies the peculiarities of the conceptual sphere of the Yakut "Northern text". This problem has not been previously investigated from the viewpoint of the local text, i.e. "text related to a certain place". For the first time, the concept FAR NORTH is examined as basic and structure-formative in the aspect of geo-poetical adoption of space. This concept manifests itself through signslocal symbols, landscape and nature images, ethno-mental, emotional and philosophical images. The key concepts of the Northern text (TUNDRA, TAIGA, RIVER, NOMAD ENCAMPMENT, TIME, DEER) are analysed.
The article clarifies and details the notion about the types of folklorism in
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