Given the complex characteristics of woolly–stemmed willow. The necessity of studying the regularities of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of annual shoots is substantiated. The study used material from the model inbred-clone population. Empirical data were processed using structural–harmonic analysis methods. It was found that the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots is cyclic quasi–periodic. Empirical series of dynamics at the highest level of significance are approximated by sums of elementary harmonics with a period of oscillation of 9.2 to 92.0 days. Revealed high-amplitude harmonic with the oscillation period of 23.0 to 92.0 day and low amplitude with a period of oscillation of 9.2 to 18.4 days. On all the studied shoots only the fourth harmonics coincide with the oscillation period of 23.0 days. The main contribution to the seasonal dynamics of shoot growth is made by three high-amplitude harmonics, which form two main signals with oscillation periods of 23 and 36 days. Other harmonics have a modulating effect on the seasonal dynamics of shoot growth. The first harmonics with a period of oscillation 92.0 days determine the nonlinearity of the seasonal trend of growth of shoots. Higher harmonics with a period of oscillation of 9.2 to 15.3 days form the resulting quasi–cyclic oscillation. Significant interclonal and intraclonal differences in the rhythm of daily growth of annual shoots were not revealed. On this basis, the proposed recommendations for agroforestry–technical events in the plantings of woolly–stemmed willow.
Abstract. Purpose of research is to identify the patterns of development of shoots on annual saplings of S. triandra grown from cuttings taken from different parts of uterine shoots. Research methodology and methods. The object of the study is a model inbred-clonal population of S. triandra. Experimental group: replicas of eight clones. Variants for each clone: annual saplings grown from basal and apical cuttings. All variants were carried out in three replications. Material: growing annual shoots. The research was doing out in the soil-climatic conditions of the Bryansk district of the zone of broad-leaved forests. Observations were conducted against the background of excessive atmospheric moistening during the rooting of cuttings. Methods: chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. Results. The seasonal growth of shoots on basal cuttings was 148–219 cm, on apical – 95–171 cm. The maximum daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings is 2.59 ± 0.148 cm/day, on apical – 1.86 ± 0.085 cm/day. The highest values of the daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings were revealed in middle of June, on apical cuttings – in middle of July. The duration of multi-day cycles of daily increment was 16–26 days, regardless of the clone factor and the origin of cuttings. The maximum number of multi-day cycles does not exceed 5. On the shoots of clones with the highest daily increment, the number of multi-day cycles decreases to 3–4. Scientific novelty. Under the conditions of this experiment, the cyclical development of all the studied shoots of S. triandra was established. Multi-day cycles of daily increment are highly synchronized in the first half of the vegetative period, regardless of the clone factor and the origin of cuttings. The range of fluctuations in the daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings is determined primarily by the clone factor. The same range of oscillations on apical cuttings is largely determined by intraclonal variability. To create plantings of S. triandra, it is recommended to use, first of all, cuttings from the basal parts of shoots. If there is a shortage of planting material, it is permissible to use the tops of shoots, taking into account the factor of mother clones.
The article substantiates the need to study the development of one-year saplings from cuttings of almond willow (Salix triandra). Purpose of research: identification and analysis of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots in S. triandra clones against the background of excessive atmospheric moisture in the form of three showers in 2020. Material and methods. Research methods: selection, structural-morphological, chronobiological. Object of research: model inbred-clone one-year population of S. triandra. The number of clones is 7; the recurrence is 6-fold. Material: growing annual shoots on one-year saplings; each sapling was formed into a single shoot. Results. Under experimental conditions, the rooting capacity of cuttings was 100%. Dimorphic root systems were formed on the mother cuttings of the excavated seedlings. The annual growth of the strongest shoots was 175 ... 215 cm. The daily growth in shoots reached peak values by June 10: the average daily growth was 3.6 cm/day, the maximum — 4.4 ... 4.9 cm/day. After June 10, the daily growth rate decreased unevenly until the end of the growing season. Some shoots completed growth before the beginning of August, and some continued growth until the middle of August. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily growth in the form of three peaks separated by two dips is established. The third peak is formed after the third rainstorm. Discussion and conclusions. Cyclical seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots is characterized by a high degree of synchronization of growth processes. Probably, all the shoots are affected by some powerful pulse synchronizer of unknown nature. It is possible that periodic showers may have a modifying effect on the mechanisms that regulate growth processes. The temporal discreteness of shoot morphogenesis is due to the full or partial realization of the seasonal cycle of shoot development. The duration of growth is due to interclonal and intraclonal differences. Probably, the duration of morphogenesis is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic factors.
Эпигенетическая изменчивость структуры сезонной динамики развития побегов ивы трехтычинковой (Salix triandra, Salicaceae) В статье рассматривается влияние негенетических факторов на сезонную динамику развития однолетних побегов ивы трехтычинковой (Salix triandra L.). Наблюдения проводились на саженцах модельной популяции S. triandra на протяжении двух сезонов (2019 и 2020 гг.). Происхождение саженцев 2019 г.трехлетние из семян. Происхождение саженцев 2020 г. -однолетние из черенков. Выявлены общие закономерности развития побегов. Сезонная динамика роста побегов описывается логистическими кривыми. Сезонная динамика суточного прироста определяется взаимодействием линейных трендов и нелинейных компонент. Линейные тренды характеризуются отрицательной динамикой. Нелинейная динамика суточного прироста определяется взаимодействием субаннуальных и инфрадианных биоритмов. Индивидуальные, внутрикронные и межклоновые различия между побегами не оказывают существенного влияния на сезонную динамику суточного прироста. Вероятно, общие закономерности сезонной динамики суточного прироста определяются генофондом модельной популяции. Выявлены межгодовые различия в динамике развития побегов. Рост побегов в 2019 г. начался на 8 сут раньше, чем в 2020 г. Периодичность субаннуальных биоритмов в 2019 г. -64, в 2020 г. -36 сут. Периодичность инфрадианных биоритмов в 2019 г. -32 и 18 сут, в 2020 г. -24 и 9-12 сут. Общность генофондов, используемых для наблюдений в разные годы, позволяет предположить, что межгодовые различия в ритмах суточного прироста обусловлены эпигенетической изменчивостью. Наиболее вероятный фактор, определяющий межгодовые различия в сезонной динамике развития побегов, -возраст корневых систем. Ключевые слова: ива трехтычинковая, Salix triandra, однолетние побеги, суточный прирост, сезонная динамика, траектории развития, субаннуальные биоритмы, инфрадианные биоритмы, межгодовая изменчивость, эпигенетическая изменчивость. Введение. Ива трехтычинковая -Salix triandra L. -типовой вид секции Amygdalinae (Triandrae), подрода Salix, рода Salix, субклады Salix-Populus, клады Salicoids, семейства Salicaceae, порядка Malpighiales, клад Fabids-Rosids-Eudicots, отдела Magnoliophyta (Angiospermae) [13]. Морфофизиологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности S. triandra дают основания для повышения ранга таксона Triandrae до уровня самостоятельного подрода [10]. С практической точки зрения S. triandra ценится прежде всего как источник прута для различных видов плетения [21; 26]. Кора побегов содержит большое количество биологически активных веществ, которые перспективны как источник лекарственного сырья [6; 26]. Большинство ив, включая S. triandra, устойчивы к воздействию ряда стрессоров, что в сочетании с высокой продуктивностью дает возможность использовать их в различных экологических проектах [15; 31]. И в природе, и в культуре ивы выполняют самые разнообразные экосистемные функции [28; 30]. Такие идеальные биологические характеристики, как быстрый рост побегов и корней, легкость вегетативного размножения, высокая способн...
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