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The article provides an analysis of the modern trends in the rational use of fast-growing shrub willows. The almond willow (Salix triandra) is considered a source of wicker for weaving, as well as a species performing important ecosystem functions. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of uneven precipitation distribution on the growth and development of the S. triandra shoots. The test site had a genetically aligned model inbred-clonal population of S. triandra. One-year willow saplings grown from unrooted cuttings were chosen as a study material. The development dynamics of S. triandra shoots was studied in four clones and in two different years with excessive moisture. The second year of observations differed from the previous one by an excess of precipitation during the cuttings rooting. Under experimental conditions, the maximum length of annual shoots was 210–220 cm, regardless of the year of observation. The cyclicality was determined in the shoots’ daily growth’s variations. The full seasonal development cycle of shoots includes four multi-day cycles. The second and third multi-day cycles are characterised by the greatest daily growth of shoots in the first half of summer. The maximum daily growth in both years of observation was 4.1–4.9 cm/day and occurred in early summer. The spring and late summer daily growth of most shoots did not exceed 2.3–2.7 cm/day. In the second year of observation, the late-summer daily growth (on average 1.9 cm/day) was slightly higher than in the first year (on average 1.6 cm/day). The synchronization of the shoots development in the beginning of summer was revealed, regardless of the year of observation and the clones’ factor. Excessive moisture during the rooting of cuttings lead to a shift in the peak values of daily growth at a later date. Against the background of an uneven distribution of precipitation, the influence of the clones’ factor on the seasonal dynamics of daily growth was revealed. When studying the growth and development of shoots in S. triandra clones, it is necessary to take into account the uneven distribution of precipitation in the first half of the vegetation period.
The article provides an analysis of the modern trends in the rational use of fast-growing shrub willows. The almond willow (Salix triandra) is considered a source of wicker for weaving, as well as a species performing important ecosystem functions. The purpose of the research was to identify the influence of uneven precipitation distribution on the growth and development of the S. triandra shoots. The test site had a genetically aligned model inbred-clonal population of S. triandra. One-year willow saplings grown from unrooted cuttings were chosen as a study material. The development dynamics of S. triandra shoots was studied in four clones and in two different years with excessive moisture. The second year of observations differed from the previous one by an excess of precipitation during the cuttings rooting. Under experimental conditions, the maximum length of annual shoots was 210–220 cm, regardless of the year of observation. The cyclicality was determined in the shoots’ daily growth’s variations. The full seasonal development cycle of shoots includes four multi-day cycles. The second and third multi-day cycles are characterised by the greatest daily growth of shoots in the first half of summer. The maximum daily growth in both years of observation was 4.1–4.9 cm/day and occurred in early summer. The spring and late summer daily growth of most shoots did not exceed 2.3–2.7 cm/day. In the second year of observation, the late-summer daily growth (on average 1.9 cm/day) was slightly higher than in the first year (on average 1.6 cm/day). The synchronization of the shoots development in the beginning of summer was revealed, regardless of the year of observation and the clones’ factor. Excessive moisture during the rooting of cuttings lead to a shift in the peak values of daily growth at a later date. Against the background of an uneven distribution of precipitation, the influence of the clones’ factor on the seasonal dynamics of daily growth was revealed. When studying the growth and development of shoots in S. triandra clones, it is necessary to take into account the uneven distribution of precipitation in the first half of the vegetation period.
Abstract. Purpose of research is to identify the patterns of development of shoots on annual saplings of S. triandra grown from cuttings taken from different parts of uterine shoots. Research methodology and methods. The object of the study is a model inbred-clonal population of S. triandra. Experimental group: replicas of eight clones. Variants for each clone: annual saplings grown from basal and apical cuttings. All variants were carried out in three replications. Material: growing annual shoots. The research was doing out in the soil-climatic conditions of the Bryansk district of the zone of broad-leaved forests. Observations were conducted against the background of excessive atmospheric moistening during the rooting of cuttings. Methods: chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. Results. The seasonal growth of shoots on basal cuttings was 148–219 cm, on apical – 95–171 cm. The maximum daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings is 2.59 ± 0.148 cm/day, on apical – 1.86 ± 0.085 cm/day. The highest values of the daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings were revealed in middle of June, on apical cuttings – in middle of July. The duration of multi-day cycles of daily increment was 16–26 days, regardless of the clone factor and the origin of cuttings. The maximum number of multi-day cycles does not exceed 5. On the shoots of clones with the highest daily increment, the number of multi-day cycles decreases to 3–4. Scientific novelty. Under the conditions of this experiment, the cyclical development of all the studied shoots of S. triandra was established. Multi-day cycles of daily increment are highly synchronized in the first half of the vegetative period, regardless of the clone factor and the origin of cuttings. The range of fluctuations in the daily increment of shoots on basal cuttings is determined primarily by the clone factor. The same range of oscillations on apical cuttings is largely determined by intraclonal variability. To create plantings of S. triandra, it is recommended to use, first of all, cuttings from the basal parts of shoots. If there is a shortage of planting material, it is permissible to use the tops of shoots, taking into account the factor of mother clones.
Abstract. The purpose is to identify infradian rhythms in the seasonal dynamics of apical growth of shoots of Salix ‘Bullata’ plants and to establish the features of morphogenesis associated with the existence of endogenous (genetic and hormonal) mechanisms for the occurrence of nonlinear changes, including fluctuations in the growth characteristics of shoots. Methods. A quantitative approach was used to study the dynamics of morphogenesis processes. There was carried out a comparative research of seasonal dynamics of velocities and accelerations of apical and radial growth of Salix ‘Bullata’ plants shoots, which differ in origin and location on the plant. Results. In the seasonal dynamics of the characteristics of apical growth of branching and plant formation shoots of Salix ‘Bullata’ plants there are observed infradian rhythms, similar to those identified for other willow species. These rhythms are most pronounced for the growth accelerations (about 5 maximums within 3.5 months). Seasonal dynamics of apical growth accelerations of two types of shoots are correlated and almost synchronous. Seasonal dynamics of speeds and accelerations of radial growth of the studied types of shoots are similar and differ from the seasonal dynamics of apical growth. The weak dependence of growth characteristics on weather conditions confirms the concept of the endogenous nature of the growth of plant shoots periodicity. Scientific novelty. The results complement the existing information on biological rhythms and processes of morphogenesis in woody plants. The growth of shoots of willows and, possibly, other species of woody plants has an oscillatory character. Seasonal dynamics of apical and radial growth are different. The occurrence of oscillations in the rate of shoot apical growth is mainly due to the processes of apical meristem development itself. Apparently, the oscillatory nature of shoot growth is the result of the superposition of several processes of different nature in the meristem tissues, including division, extension and differentiation of cells, and also the production and distribution of phytohormones. The results can be applied to the use and modification of methods of woody plants nursing – the grafting, the pruning, the rejuvenation and the vegetative propagation.
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