The objective of this study was to inventory the stock of antimicrobials in the home medicine cabinets (HMCs) of the general population in Russia and to find out for which indications people report that they would use antibiotics without a physician's recommendation. The research was performed in 9 Russian cities by physicians who visited households. An inventory of antibiotics in HMCs was made, and respondents were asked about instances in which they would choose automedication with antibiotics. We found that 83.6% of families had antibiotics for systemic use in HMCs. The most common antibiotics in HMCs were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (46.3% of HMCs), ampicillin (45.1%), chloramphenicol (32.7%), erythromycin (25.5%), and tetracycline (21.8%). The major indications for automedication with antibiotics were acute viral respiratory tract infections (12.3% of total indications), cough (11.8%), intestinal disorders (11.3%), fever (9%), and sore throat (6.8%). According to this study, antibiotics are widely stocked among the general population in Russia, and people use antibiotics in an uncontrolled and imprudent manner.
Purpose. To formulate the requirements for the basic properties of lubricants suitable for use in the systems of on-board lubricators of rail vehicles. To develop a generalized algorithm for controlling the devices of the lubrication system of rail vehicles and to propose a method for controlling the lubrication system of the wheel flanges of a rail vehicle, which makes it possible to turn on the system in advance in order to prevent an increase in the interaction forces of the wheel flanges and rails during the entry to the curved section of the rail track, as well as on the turnouts. Methodology. Research methods include statistical analysis of the results of experimental tests of the properties of existing and proposed lubricants on the STs-2 friction machine and in the conditions of real operation of the rolling stock of JSCUkrzaliznytsia. Findings. Based on the results of operational tests, it was found that Relsol-M lubricant, which is regenerated, homogenized and modified with solid lubricating impurities, even with an expired shelf life, retains and demonstrates the transfer effect on all wheels of the VL11m/6 locomotive, and also slows down the wear rate of the combs of the wheel rims which were not chiseled during the tests by 3.57 times and the combs of the bandages which were chiseled during the tests by 4.25 times. Mariol NT demonstrated the effect of reducing the intensity of wear processes of the ridges of locomotive tires in the mode of freight traffic in relatively light track conditions by 2.5 times, and in more difficult road conditions by 5 times. Originality. Requirements for the basic properties of lubricants, which are suitable for use in on-board lubricator systems of rail vehicles, have been formulated. Practical value. A generalized algorithm for controlling the lubrication system of railway rolling stock is developed and a method for controlling the lubrication system of the flanges of the rail rolling stock is proposed, which makes it possible to turn on the lubrication system in advance when a rail vehicle enters a curved section of the track, as well as a turnout.
This paper introduces a new algorithm for unsupervised learning of keypoint detectors and descriptors, which demonstrates fast convergence and good performance across different datasets. The training procedure uses homographic transformation of images. The proposed model learns to detect points and generate descriptors on pairs of transformed images, which are easy for it to distinguish and repeatedly detect. The trained model follows SuperPoint architecture for ease of comparison, and demonstrates similar performance on natural images from HPatches dataset, and better performance on retina images from Fundus Image Registration Dataset, which contain low number of corner-like features. For HPatches and other datasets, coverage was also computed to provide better estimation of model quality.
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