The objective of this study was to inventory the stock of antimicrobials in the home medicine cabinets (HMCs) of the general population in Russia and to find out for which indications people report that they would use antibiotics without a physician's recommendation. The research was performed in 9 Russian cities by physicians who visited households. An inventory of antibiotics in HMCs was made, and respondents were asked about instances in which they would choose automedication with antibiotics. We found that 83.6% of families had antibiotics for systemic use in HMCs. The most common antibiotics in HMCs were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (46.3% of HMCs), ampicillin (45.1%), chloramphenicol (32.7%), erythromycin (25.5%), and tetracycline (21.8%). The major indications for automedication with antibiotics were acute viral respiratory tract infections (12.3% of total indications), cough (11.8%), intestinal disorders (11.3%), fever (9%), and sore throat (6.8%). According to this study, antibiotics are widely stocked among the general population in Russia, and people use antibiotics in an uncontrolled and imprudent manner.

Purpose. To formulate the requirements for the basic properties of lubricants suitable for use in the systems of on-board lubricators of rail vehicles. To develop a generalized algorithm for controlling the devices of the lubrication system of rail vehicles and to propose a method for controlling the lubrication system of the wheel flanges of a rail vehicle, which makes it possible to turn on the system in advance in order to prevent an increase in the interaction forces of the wheel flanges and rails during the entry to the curved section of the rail track, as well as on the turnouts. Methodology. Research methods include statistical analysis of the results of experimental tests of the properties of existing and proposed lubricants on the STs-2 friction machine and in the conditions of real operation of the rolling stock of JSCUkrzaliznytsia. Findings. Based on the results of operational tests, it was found that Relsol-M lubricant, which is regenerated, homogenized and modified with solid lubricating impurities, even with an expired shelf life, retains and demonstrates the transfer effect on all wheels of the VL11m/6 locomotive, and also slows down the wear rate of the combs of the wheel rims which were not chiseled during the tests by 3.57 times and the combs of the bandages which were chiseled during the tests by 4.25 times. Mariol NT demonstrated the effect of reducing the intensity of wear processes of the ridges of locomotive tires in the mode of freight traffic in relatively light track conditions by 2.5 times, and in more difficult road conditions by 5 times. Originality. Requirements for the basic properties of lubricants, which are suitable for use in on-board lubricator systems of rail vehicles, have been formulated. Practical value. A generalized algorithm for controlling the lubrication system of railway rolling stock is developed and a method for controlling the lubrication system of the flanges of the rail rolling stock is proposed, which makes it possible to turn on the lubrication system in advance when a rail vehicle enters a curved section of the track, as well as a turnout.

This paper introduces a new algorithm for unsupervised learning of keypoint detectors and descriptors, which demonstrates fast convergence and good performance across different datasets. The training procedure uses homographic transformation of images. The proposed model learns to detect points and generate descriptors on pairs of transformed images, which are easy for it to distinguish and repeatedly detect. The trained model follows SuperPoint architecture for ease of comparison, and demonstrates similar performance on natural images from HPatches dataset, and better performance on retina images from Fundus Image Registration Dataset, which contain low number of corner-like features. For HPatches and other datasets, coverage was also computed to provide better estimation of model quality.

Удосконалення установки гасіння гелеутворюючими складами з подовженим стволом колінчастого типу К.

No abstract

Purpose. Ensuring the optimal mode of gas transportation from local sections of the main gas trunkline (GT), subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown, to existing main gas trunkline based on the calculation, determination, and establishment of rational values of the operating modes of mobile compressor stations during the entire time of gas pumping. Methodology. The studies are based on existing physical principles and laws that describe the effect of the properties of natural gas and the geometric parameters of pipelines through which gas is pumped on the dynamics of changes in the mass and pressure of the transported gas. The calculation of the change in the mass and pressure of the gas in the gas pipeline from which the gas is pumped is based on a number of existing theoretical and empirical dependencies included in the generally accepted methods for their calculation. Known physical relationships and mathematical models are used to carry out the calculations. Findings. The mass approach to the issue of calculating the gas transportation time is more mathematically accurate than the volumetric one. The ratio of the relative mass to the relative gas pressure in a localized section of the main gas pipeline, during the entire pumping time, is a constant value. The use of the values of the quantities obtained at the point of intersection of the graphs of changes in the relative mass and relative pressure of the gas, in the preliminary calculation of the time for pumping gas, or pressure, or mass, or the volume of gas in each time interval, makes it possible to select the optimal rate of building up/reducing gas pressure by compressor units and optimal modes of gas transportation by operating gas pipelines during the operation of mobile compressor stations. Originality. The proposed approach to calculating and determining the time of gas pumping by mobile compressor stations from local sections of the main gas pipelines subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown to sections of existing main gas pipelines proves that it is advisable to establish stable patterns in the transportation of natural gas using reciprocating compressor units only after modeling in time the change in the mass and pressure of gas in the local section of the main gas pipeline from which the gas is pumped. Practical value. The proposed approach to optimizing the time of gas pumping by mobile compressor stations makes it possible to increase the level of energy and resource efficiency of gas transmission enterprises, as well as to improve the technical and economic indicators of technologies for repairing the main gas pipelines, compressor stations of main gas pipelines associated with the need to bleed gas from sections of the main (technological) pipelines subject to repair (maintenance) and/or shutdown. Optimization of gas pumping time significantly reduces the time spent by employees of gas transmission enterprises under the influence of hazardous and harmful production factors, thereby reducing the level of relevant risks. Gas emissions and associated risks are reduced by 90%.

Problem statement. The radioactivity of building materials and products is determined by the content of natural radionuclides (NRN) of the three dominant chemical elements ( 238 U, 232 Th, 40 К) in the structural elements of buildings. It is these radionuclides that determine the total dose of human exposure in our homes. The main building structures that were used to build up many of the sleeping areas of the Dnepr are heavy concrete, and accounted for 70…85 % of the total production of the construction industry of the region. Over the past 20 years, trends in construction production, both in Ukraine and in the Dnepr city, have been revised. Modern construction organizations

Coal dust leakage from coal stacks leads to intensive contamination of the working areas. Therefore, determining level of air pollution near the coal piles for various meteorological situations, when new coal piles are arranged, is an important applied problem. For practice, it is necessary to have quick-calculating mathematical models whiсh take into account the most significant physical processes impacting on formation of contamination zones near the coal piles. Today, to predict the level of air pollution at dust leaking from the coal stacks, the normative technique OND-86 or the Gauss model is used. These forecasting methods make it possible to quickly calculate the contamination zones, but they do not take into account geometric shape of the coal stack and unevenness of the velocity field near it. The subject of this research was creation of a mathematical model for predicting the level of air pollution near coal piles with taking into account the aerodynamics of air flows around them. The purpose of the work was to develop a set of numerical models for quick calculation of the level of air pollution at coal dust leaking from the coal piles with taking into account the uneven emission of dust from different areas of the stack surface. The modelling equations are the three-dimensional mass transfer equation (Marchuk's model) and the three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential. The Marchuk's model allows taking into account rate of the coal dust particles settling, parameters of turbulent diffusion and uneven air flow rate near the coal pile. The Dirac delta function is used for modelling coal dust leaking from various sections of the coal pile. For the numerical solution of the mass transfer equation, a difference splitting scheme is used. On the basis of the three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential, an uneven velocity field near the coal pile is determined. The Richardson method is used for numerical solution of the three-dimensional equation for the velocity potential. An algorithm for solving the problem of calculating a level of contamination of working areas near a coal pile is considered. The description of the structure of the created complex of computer programs is given.