Ceftaroline fosamil achieved high clinical cure and microbiological response rates in patients hospitalized with CAP of PORT risk class III or IV. Ceftaroline fosamil was well tolerated, with a safety profile that is similar to that of ceftriaxone and other cephalosporins. Ceftaroline fosamil is a promising agent for the treatment of CAP.

The objective of this study was to inventory the stock of antimicrobials in the home medicine cabinets (HMCs) of the general population in Russia and to find out for which indications people report that they would use antibiotics without a physician's recommendation. The research was performed in 9 Russian cities by physicians who visited households. An inventory of antibiotics in HMCs was made, and respondents were asked about instances in which they would choose automedication with antibiotics. We found that 83.6% of families had antibiotics for systemic use in HMCs. The most common antibiotics in HMCs were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (46.3% of HMCs), ampicillin (45.1%), chloramphenicol (32.7%), erythromycin (25.5%), and tetracycline (21.8%). The major indications for automedication with antibiotics were acute viral respiratory tract infections (12.3% of total indications), cough (11.8%), intestinal disorders (11.3%), fever (9%), and sore throat (6.8%). According to this study, antibiotics are widely stocked among the general population in Russia, and people use antibiotics in an uncontrolled and imprudent manner.

WHO recommends the inclusion of PCVs in childhood vaccination programs world-wide. Many countries including the Russian Federation are currently planning the inclusion of PCVs in their National Immunization Programs and, therefore, data on the pneumococcal serotype distribution is important to estimate the potential disease impact. Here we review eight recent epidemiological studies on the pneumococcal serotype distribution from Russia. Across all studies, serotypes 6B, 14, 19F and 23F were the most prevalent. Interestingly, serotype 3 was relatively common. Serotype 19A was prevalent among AOM, CAP and nasopharyngeal isolates and among antibiotic resistant isolates in all age groups. The differences in serotype coverage between PCV10 and PCV13 were up to 26%. Based on the current data on serotype distribution, a wide use of PCVs in Russia may lead to a significant reduction of the pneumococcal disease burden.

Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 200 mg/d sparfloxacin versus 400 mg/d ofloxacin, Outcome 3 Clinical + microbiological e icacy...... Analysis 1.4. Comparison 1 200 mg/d sparfloxacin versus 400 mg/d ofloxacin, Outcome 4 Safety.

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The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospital settings all over the world makes a demand for the new options to overcome antimicrobial resistance. Ceftazidime-avibactam is the first approved antibiotic that contains a new beta-lactamase inhibitor with unique properties. This review provides insight into the spectrum of activity, pharmacological characteristics, data on efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam obtained from the clinical trials and real clinical practice, as well as prospects for further studies and clinical application of this new antimicrobial agent.

The meeting of Expert Council, which included representatives of leading Russian research and higher education medical institutions, took place in Moscow. The Council discussed approaches to therapy of respiratory tract infections and ENT infections in children considering the global increase in antimicrobial resistance of respiratory tract pathogens. Special attention was paid to the use of new dosage form of amoxicillin-clavulanate 14:1, as well as to defining the category of patients to whom it is advisable to prescribe the high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate.

Нежелательные лекарственные реакции со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, нередко с развитием антибиотикоассоциированной диареи, являются самыми частыми неблагоприятными эффектами антибактериальной терапии в амбулаторной практике. В обзоре приведены современные подходы к профилактике и лечению данных состояний; особое внимание уделено возможности повышения эффективности и безопасности схем эрадикации Helicobacter pylori.