Despite the rapid increase in online shopping, the literature is silent in terms of the interrelationship between perceived risk factors, the marketing impacts, and their influence on product and web-vendor consumer trust. This research focuses on holidaymakers' perspectives using Internet bookings for their holidays. The findings reveal the associations between Internet perceived risks and the relatively equal influence of product and e-channel risks in consumers' trust, and that online purchasing intentions are equally influenced by product and e-channel consumer trust.They also illustrate the relationship between marketing strategies and perceived risks, and provide managerial suggestions for further e-purchasing tourism improvement.

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Occupational uncertainty has a considerable effect upon consumer decisions during a recession, especially with respect to discretionary products and services such as tourism. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), the study examines the complex relations among job vulnerability, disposable income for tourism, marketing activities, and price and quality issues for Greek holiday makers returning from their vacations. The article also compares QCA with the two dominant linear methods of analysis (i.e. correlation and regression) and highlights the suitability of QCA when dealing with complexity in tourism. The results reveal four configurations explaining the attributes of Greek residents' tourism decisions, characterized by value-for-money orientation, achievement of best available purchase, psychological strengthening, and price sensitivity. The study also employs predictive validity for the presented models. The findings are valid from both a methodological and managerial perspective suggesting new research insights.

Purpose: The study aims to examine the complexity of attribute configurations affecting tourism decisions related to peer-to-peer accommodation and the sharing economy in destinations affected by recession.Design/methodology/approach: Based on chaos and complexity theories this nonparametric research examines the perspectives of 352 peer-to-peer accommodation holidaymakers in Athens, Greece. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), the study examines the complex relations between social and economic aspects, benefits, risks, and consumer trust with regard to purchasing intentions. The paper also compares fsQCA with the dominant linear methods of analysis (regression; Cramer's V) and highlights fsQCA's suitability when dealing with tourism complexity. Findings:The results reveal three configurations explaining the attributes of holidaymakers' tourism decisions characterised by socio-economic orientation, trust formulation, and price sensitivity. They also highlight the superiority of fsQCA towards conventional linear analyses in complexity aspects. Research limitations/implications:The examination of the complexity concept using fsQCA can provide a better understanding of the influence of attributes which affect tourism decisions especially for countries suffering from deep recession such as Greece. Still, due to the lack of fsQCA implementation in tourism studies its full potential needs to be further examined. Originality/value:In terms of the literature, the study provides an understanding of the complexity formulation of tourism decisions during recession, with special focus on the sharing economy. It further explores the attributes that affect tourism decisions and associated linkages. Methodologically, the study highlights the value of fsQCA and its advantages compared to conventional methods of correlational analysis. It also progresses from fit to predictive validity for the models suggested.Keywords: Sharing economy, Chaos Theory, Complexity Theory, Holidaymakers, fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, Greece Paper type: Research paper IntroductionThe sharing economy refers to exchange forms facilitated through the use of online platforms, and encompasses a diversity of activities that broadly aim to open access to under-utilised resources through what is termed 'sharing' (Richardson, 2015). Interest in the impact and nature of the sharing economy is rapidly growing, since the two dominant sharing economy platforms (Airbnb and Uber) have transformed within five years from entrepreneurial start-up companies to multi-billion internationally operating corporations (Konrad and Mac, 2014;Lashinsky, 2015). The development of the sharing economy is likely to transform the global tourism system and the way it serves societal needs (Martin, 2016). More specifically, Heinrichs (2013, p.228) perceives the sharing economy as a "pathway to sustainability" since it promotes sustainable consumption practices. Moreover it disrupts the driving unsustainable trends of hyper-consumption in m...

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This paper focuses on the tourism impacts of the 2015-16 refugee crisis in Greece. It examines the implications of the related publicity for the perception of Greece and the expected reaction of inbound tourists; the way refugees are regarded from a security and cultural aspect; the interaction between refugees and host communities; and the decisions made by the Greek tourism accommodation sector to face the crisis. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis the paper employs a nationwide survey of 811 tourism accommodation managers. The results reveal three configurations explaining the decisions of respondents characterized by refugee-centric orientation; the emphasis on the visitors-locals nexus; and the host communities' behavioural impact on tourism. The paper also compares asymmetric with symmetric analysis highlighting the suitability of the former when dealing with complexity. The modelling exercise also steps forward from fit to predictive validity. The findings contribute to both managerial and methodological aspects of tourism.