A new kind of hydrophobic crude oil sorbent was successfully developed by grafting kenaf shive with styrene monomer. In this paper, crude oil sorbents were developed through regeneration method by varying the initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes in the range of 0.5-2.5 wt%, 0.5-2.0 wt % and 125-1000 µm respectively. This research approach for the development of crude oil sorbent from graft modified kenaf shive/core and the aforementioned variable optimization has not been reported. The effect studies of the individual and combine factors were carried out using a statistical experimental design matrix using five-level central composite design (CCD). Respond surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise and develop equations of the aforementioned variables (initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes). The optimal swelling capacity of 616% and 267% lower retention were achieved at initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle size of 12.5 wt%, 1.50 wt% and 562 µm respectively. TGA-DTA, XRD and BET analysis were carried out on optimised sample and, FTIR was carried on both unmodified (UG) and optimized sorbent. Further computations were done for grafting efficiency (GE), homopolymers and density. The findings display the effect of the three variables and navigation equations were generated for further investigations on them. However, the results show the feasibility and robustness of facile oil sorption.
Novel polymeric pigments were synthesized in xylene by cross linked epoxy resin with 1,4 and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinones, by varying weight fractions from 5% to 20% of the diaminoanthraquinone derivatives. FTIR, UV and solubility tests were carried out. The pigments were then used to colour PLA, PMMA, PE and also in emulsion paints using polyvinyl alcohol as binder. Their light fastness, surface drying time and surface hardening time were assessed. It was found that λ max of the 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone shifted towards longer wavelength after the cross linkage, in contrast to the 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone which suffered a blue shift. However in all the cases, the λ max was not affected by the weight fractions of the anthraquinones, but the absorptivity coefficients was significantly increased as the weight fractions of the anthraquinones increased. The light fastness properties of the coloured plastics varied from 4 to 7, indicating a trend of increase with the weight fractions of the anthraquinones. Similar observations were seen with the emulsion paints produced. In all the cases, the 1,4-diaminoanthraqunione produced better result.
The secondary effect discovery of synthetic sorbents opened another research direction for many field of studies. However, the sorption parameters of lignocellulosic sorbents are rarely reported most importantly, kenaf shive. This paper centered at the sorption behavior of optimized kenaf shive sorbents using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) via surface deposit technique. Five-level Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental matrix was used to analyze the effect of particle sizes 125‒1000μm, stirring time (5–30 min) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) concentration (5–20% v/v) as individual and combined variables process in the developed sorbents. The unmodified shive was compared with the modified, and it reveals a positive shift in the sorption capability. Instrumental analysis such as FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), DT-TGA (Differential Thermal-Thermogravimetric analysis) and BET (Brunaure-Emmett–Teller) were carried out on the optimized sorbent and the results were in conformity with the sorption results. The sorption behavior deployed fits the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir isotherm with regression coefficient R2=0.9496 and R2=0.9400. The sorption property was found to be spontaneous and exothermic, however, the activation energy studies shows physic-sorption phenomenon with 25.3kJmol−1 and R2=0.9360.
The area of research that cast the mind of many environmentalist is remediation of oil spilled environments. This paper addresses the development of new bio-based sorbent through ceric induced grafting. The effect studies of the individual and combine factors was carried out using a statistical experimental design matrix using five-level central composite design (CCD). Respond surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise and develop equations of the variables (initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes). To the optimized sorbent, unmodified kenaf shive was compared with, it reveals a positive hydrophobic shift. However, instrumental analysis such as: XRD, FTIR, BET and DTA-TGA were carried out on the optimized sorbent. In addition, the capability of the oil sorption in water was reported and the kinetics and equilibrium isotherms employed fits respectively, the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm with regression coefficient R 2 =0.9822 and R 2 =0.9900. The sorption property was found to be spontaneous and exothermic, however, the activation energy studies shows physic-sorption phenomenon with 25.6kJmol-1 and R 2 =0.9847.
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