Optimisation of Crude Oil Adsorbent Developed from a Modified Styrene Kenaf Shive

Abstract

A new kind of hydrophobic crude oil sorbent was successfully developed by grafting kenaf shive with styrene monomer. In this paper, crude oil sorbents were developed through regeneration method by varying the initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes in the range of 0.5-2.5 wt%, 0.5-2.0 wt % and 125-1000 µm respectively. This research approach for the development of crude oil sorbent from graft modified kenaf shive/core and the aforementioned variable optimization has not been reported. The effect studies of the individual and combine factors were carried out using a statistical experimental design matrix using five-level central composite design (CCD). Respond surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimise and develop equations of the aforementioned variables (initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle sizes). The optimal swelling capacity of 616% and 267% lower retention were achieved at initiator concentration, monomer ratio and particle size of 12.5 wt%, 1.50 wt% and 562 µm respectively. TGA-DTA, XRD and BET analysis were carried out on optimised sample and, FTIR was carried on both unmodified (UG) and optimized sorbent. Further computations were done for grafting efficiency (GE), homopolymers and density. The findings display the effect of the three variables and navigation equations were generated for further investigations on them. However, the results show the feasibility and robustness of facile oil sorption.

Insight into the Sorption and Activation Energy Phenomenon of Kenaf Shive Sorbents in Crude Oil/Water Mixture

“…1 is the FTIR spectra indicating peaks of the raw (unmodified) and, modified (optimized sorbent) kenaf shive. The results are fully discussed in [8], for succinctness is not discussed herein. The Brunure-Emmitte-Teller (BET) result is briefly discussed here.…”

“…The broadly speaking, global energy sources are categorized into: fossil fuel, nuclear fuel, non-renewable and renewable energy resource, hitherto, crude oil is one of the common and important energy sources for transportation amongst the fossils in the planet [1][2][3][4]. Oil spill is majorly as result of environmental issues associated to exploration, transportation and refining [5][6][7][8]. Oil spills are usually transported by wind, current, temperature, weathering and salinity increases the transportation consequently, accumulate on sea surfaces or sediment at the debris [9][10].…”

Recovery of Crude Oil from Aqueous Medium by Optimised Styrene/Kenaf Shive Graft-Based Sorbent Via Regeneration Method: Study of the Equilibrium, Kinetics and Activation Energy

“…In Figure 1 is the FTIR spectra indicating peaks of the raw (unmodified) and, modified (optimized sorbent) kenaf shive. The results are fully discussed in [14] for succinctness is not discussed herein. The Brunure-Emmitte-Teller (BET) result is briefly discussed here.…”

“…Highlight Crude oil is one of the major sources of income bestowed under the earth's crust of most developed countries. But because of environmental issues associated with exploration, transportation and refining of the crude oil, this very important revenue earner becomes a menace for most of developing countries mainly due to spillage [1,10,14,26].…”

“…Crude oil adsorption of Raw, Unextracted, Exracted and Optimised Styrene Grafted kenaf shive/core at 40 o C for 5mins[14]. Comparative adsorption capacities of different sorbents for crude oil…”