The eco-environment in city Faisalabad has attained much consideration due to rapid urbanization and land-use changes in past few years. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impacts of land-use changes on regional climate by linking them with temperature and precipitation trend using spatio-temporal analysis and statistical method. Geospatial and remote sensing technique provides essential tools which can be used to interpret the land-use changes. Spatio-temporal land-use changes from 1985 to 2016 were analysed using unsupervised image classification technique. Land-use maps were classified into three main classes, namely agriculture, built-up and open land. The results indicate that agricultural land has continuously decreased by 37.79-10.23%, built-up area has increased by 33. 07-88.19% and open land has decreased by 29.13-1.5% from 1985 to 2016. Statistical analysis indicates that transformation of agriculture and open land into built-up land has led to rise in temperatures and annual rainfall trend in Faisalabad. Average increase in annual T Min , T Max and T Mean was 1.2, 0.3 and 0.7°C, respectively from 1985 to 2016. Overall contribution of urban warming to total annual T Min , T Max and T Mean was 12.31%, 1.95% and 5.42%, respectively. Annual rainfall is also increasing and it has increased by 120 mm from 1985 to 2016. Results indicate that temporal variations of annual temperature and rainfall are consistent with land-use changes in city Faisalabad, and significant correlation coefficients were found between them. It is recommended that this type of study is helpful for urban planners to control the urbanization properly especially in larger cities of Pakistan. ARTICLE HISTORY

The sandstone units of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are significant reservoir for gas, oil, and condensates in the Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. Even though these sandstones are significant reservoir rocks for hydrocarbon exploration, the diagenetic controls on the reservoir properties of the sandstones are poorly documented. For effective exploration, production, and appraisal of a promising reservoir, the diagenesis and reservoir properties must be comprehensively analyzed first. For this study, core samples from depths of more than 3100 m from the KD-01 well within the central division of the basin have been studied. These sandstones were analyzed using petrographic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopic analyses to unravel diagenetic impacts on reservoir properties of the sandstone. Medium to coarse-grained and well-sorted sandstone have been identified during petrographic study. The sandstone are categorized as arkose and lithic arkose. Principal diagenetic events which have resulted in changing the primary characters of the sandstones are compaction, cementation, dissolution, and mineral replacement. The observed diagenetic processes can be grouped into early, burial, and late diagenesis. Chlorite is the dominant diagenetic constituent that occurs as rims, coatings, and replacing grains. The early phase of coating of authigenic chlorite has preserved the primary porosity. The recrystallization of chlorite into chamosite has massively reduced the original pore space because of its bridging structure. The current study reveals that diagenetic processes have altered the original rock properties and reservoir characteristics of the Lower Goru sandstone. These preliminary outcomes of this study have great potential to improve the understanding of diagenetic process and their impact on reservoir properties of the Lower Goru sandstone in the Lower Indus Basin and adjoining areas.

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