Evaluation of hydrocarbon source rock potential: Deep marine shales of Belaga Formation of Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene, Sarawak, Malaysia

Ahmed, Nisar; Siddiqui, Numair Ahmed; Rahman, Abdul Hadi Bin Abd; Jamil, Muhammad; Usman, Muhammad; Sajid, Zulqarnain; Zaidi, Faisal K.

doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2020.101268

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Organic matter abundance is the material basis of hydrocarbon formation in source rocks, and it is also the most basic parameter to evaluate the quality of source rocks . The parameters commonly used to evaluate the organic matter abundance of source rocks are total organic carbon content (TOC), total hydrocarbon content (HC), hydrocarbon generation potential (PG), and chloroform asphalt A. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and Organic Petrology of Middle Permian Source Rocks in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin, China: Implication for Organic Matter Enrichment

et al. 2021

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The Taodonggou group of Middle Permian is an important source rock in Taibei sag of Turpan-Hami basin. Due to its deep burial, drilling has only been revealed in recent years. Based on organic petrology and organic geochemistry experiments, this paper studies the organic petrology, organic geochemistry, sedimentary environment, and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in Taibei sag, Turpan-Hami basin, and reveals the influence of the sedimentary environment on the organic matter abundance of source rocks. The results are as follows: (1) The organic matter of the Middle Permian source rocks in Taibei sag of Turpan-Hami basin is mainly sapropelite and exinite. The vitrinite is mainly vitrodetrinite, and the exinite is mainly lamalginiite. (2) The total organic carbon content value is 0.55–6.08 wt %, and the average value is 2.58 wt %. The PG value ranges from 0.78 mg HC/g to 30.86 mg HC/g, and the average value is 4.88 mg HC/g. Chloroform asphalt “A” is 0.046–0.8767 wt %, and the average value is 0.285 wt %. The types of organic matter are mainly III and II–III, and the R o value is 0.628–1.49 wt % (average = 0.988 wt %). The T max distribution is 329–465 °C. The average temperature is 434.7 °C, which is in the mature stage (oil window stage). The Middle Permian source rocks are mainly very good to excellent source rocks with a good hydrocarbon generation potential. (3) The source rocks are deposited in a semihumid and semiarid climate. Organic matter is input as a mixed source. The early and late stages is dominated by terrestrial higher plants. The middle stage is dominated by lower aquatic organisms, and the sedimentary environment consists of weak reduction and weak oxidation environments. (4) In the study area, the abundance of organic matter has a weak negative correlation with CPI and a positive correlation with Pr/Ph and ∑C21–/∑C22+. Under the coaction of paleoclimate, organic matter input, and redox environment, the enrichment model of organic matter with high productivity and weak oxidation environment characteristics can also form excellent source rocks. This study is of great significance and provides theoretical guidance for the exploration of deep oil and gas resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and Organic Petrology of Middle Permian Source Rocks in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin, China: Implication for Organic Matter Enrichment

et al. 2021

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“…The organic matter type is an important indicator to measure the quality of organic matter in source rocks. It determines the hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter in source rocks and the nature of generated hydrocarbons (oil or gas) and directly affects the petroleum perspective of a sedimentary basin. , In this paper, chloroform bitumen “A” and the family compositions (saturated hydrocarbon content, saturated hydrocarbon/aromatics value, and nonhydrocarbon + asphaltene content), rock pyrolysis parameters (HI, S 1 + S 2 , HI– T max , and HI–OI diagram), and kerogen carbon isotope value (δ 13 C) are used to evaluate the organic matter types of the subsalt source rocks (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the characteristics and evaluation of source rocks have become the top priority of oil and gas exploration. 6 , 7 The geochemical characteristics of source rocks mainly focus on the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matters. Macroscopically, it is also necessary to evaluate the thicknesses distribution of source rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The source rocks play an important role during the oil and gas exploration. − Especially with the improvement of oil and gas exploration, it is increasingly difficult to increase the reserve and production. Therefore, the characteristics and evaluation of source rocks have become the top priority of oil and gas exploration. , The geochemical characteristics of source rocks mainly focus on the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matters. Macroscopically, it is also necessary to evaluate the thicknesses distribution of source rocks. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Characteristics and Distribution of the Subsalt Source Rocks in the Santos Basin, Brazil

Zuo¹,

Wang²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The Santos Basin in Brazil is a hot area of oil and gas exploration in recent years, and its subsalt lacustrine mudstones are the main source rock of the basin. However, there is a lack of studies on the source rocks of the subsalt Picarras and Itapema formations, which is not conducive to the accurate evaluation of the source rock characteristics. Based on logging data of 51 wells and geochemical data of 16 wells, this paper makes detailed evaluations of the organic matter abundance, type, maturity, and distribution characteristics of source rocks of the subsalt Picarras Formation and Itapema Formation in the Santos Basin. The results show that the characteristics of source rocks of the Itapema and Picarras formations are similar, both of which have a high abundance of organic matter. The types of organic matter are mainly type I and II 1 , and the maturities are in the low-maturity to the high-maturity stage, which meets the standard of good source rocks. The total organic carbon content of the source rocks of the Picarras Formation ranges from 0.4 to 4.0%, much lower than that of the source rocks of the Itapema Formation, 0.8–5.6%. In addition, the hydrogen index average value of the source rocks of the Itapema Formation is 712.8 mg/g TOC, higher than that of the Picarras Formation, 697.5 mg/g TOC, both revealing a great hydrocarbon potential. The quality of source rocks of the Itapema Formation is better than that of the Picarras Formation. The two sets of source rocks have great hydrocarbon generation potential and are mainly developed in the eastern and western sags of the central depression. Therefore, the surrounding uplift areas will be the target for further oil and gas exploration.

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“…The geology of South‐East Asia is considered a vital avenue for hydrocarbon generation and petroleum production in the Tertiary sedimentary successions (Al‐Masgari et al, 2021; Imran et al, 2020, 2021; Usman, Siddiqui, Zhang, et al, 2020). The generation of large amounts of sediments from various local sources and their deposition in the deep‐marine environments is believed to be associated with the complex geology of Borneo in the Tertiary period (Ahmed, Siddiqui, Rahman, et al, 2021; Ahmed, Siddiqui, Ramasamy, et al, 2021; Hall et al, 2008; Ogawa & Back, 2022; Siddiqui et al, 2017; Usman, Zhang, Siddiqui, & Jamaluddin., 2020). Borneo is associated with tectonic subduction coupled with obduction of ophiolites and closure of palaeo‐basins (Hall, 2013; Mathew et al, 2014; Ramkumar et al, 2021; Siddiqui et al, 2019; Usman et al, 2021; Usman, Siddiqui, Mathew, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facies analysis and distribution of Late Palaeogene deep‐water massive sandstones in submarine‐fan lobes, NW Borneo

et al. 2022

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Deep-water massive sandstones (DWMS) are characterized by large volumes of sand accumulations which are considered as potential reservoir intervals in deep-marine environments. Lithological variations and bed thickness statistics are used to interpret the distribution of massive sandstones in a deep-marine fan-lobe system. These massive sandstones are interpreted based on lithological heterogeneities and detailed facies analysis in seventeen exposed sections of the Late Palaeogene deposits in Sabah, NW Borneo. Sedimentary logs containing details of lithology textures and structures were used to recognize nine sedimentary facies of DWMS. These lithofacies were then grouped into three sedimentary facies associations: (1) massive facies association with basal part of turbiditic Bouma sequence, (2) massive facies association having softsediment deformation structures, and (3) massive facies association with erosional features. The facies analysis portrays inner to middle submarine fan deposition and was later applied to reconstruct the distribution of a channel-lobe complex. Individual sandstone bed thicknesses vary from 1 m to more than 8 m and the number of massive sandstones in submarine lobes range from less than 10% to more than 50%. The thicknesses of massive sandstones in channels are more than 8 m, whereas distal lobes have thicknesses from 1-2 m only. These sandstones are concentrated in channels, proximal and medial lobe settings that can also be verified from calculating the average of all maximum thickness of massive sand intervals that is, 8.91 m. The lithological heterogeneities and the processes associated with the deposition of these massive sandstones are vital for potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the deep-marine environments around the globe.bed thickness statistics, channel-lobe complex, Crocker submarine fan, deep-water massive sandstones, facies analysis and facies association, NW Borneo, West Sabah Basin | INTRODUCTIONThe term 'deep-water massive sandstones' (DWMS) is used to describe the massive sandstones present in deep-marine environments (Johansson et al., 1998;Stevenson & Peakall, 2010;Stow & Johansson, 2000). The study of DWMS became the focus of emerging research over the last two decades and the concept is readily applicable to several deep-marine sandstone deposits across the globe including

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Evaluation of hydrocarbon source rock potential: Deep marine shales of Belaga Formation of Late Cretaceous-Late Eocene, Sarawak, Malaysia

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Geochemistry and Organic Petrology of Middle Permian Source Rocks in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin, China: Implication for Organic Matter Enrichment

Geochemistry and Organic Petrology of Middle Permian Source Rocks in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin, China: Implication for Organic Matter Enrichment

Geochemical Characteristics and Distribution of the Subsalt Source Rocks in the Santos Basin, Brazil

Facies analysis and distribution of Late Palaeogene deep‐water massive sandstones in submarine‐fan lobes, NW Borneo

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