This paper presents a new method for ranking critical nodes in bulk power systems. The proposed approach is able to offer a list of nodes or substations, from which system planners can easily identify those facilities with more urgent investment needs. The ranking process includes both static (via optimal power flow) and dynamic (via transient stability) performance analyses to assess deterministic indices. These indices measure the static and dynamic vulnerabilities of the network. As an extension of the deterministic approach, a new ranking based on the same indices is evaluated through a Monte Carlo simulation, considering several load scenarios modeled through uncertainties and the related generating dispatches. Applications in a test system presenting the rank of critical nodes are provided and discussed.Index Terms-Adequacy and security analyses, fast transient stability assessment, load uncertainties, nodal ranking, substation criticality.
This paper presents an optimal power flow (OPF) formulation including a detailed representation of synchronous machines and their control systems. The representation is accomplished by the inclusion of the algebrized differential equations representing the generators and their controllers, at an equilibrium point, to the set of algebraic load flow equations of the conventional OPF. The computational framework is structured with advanced concepts of object oriented modeling (OOM) using the C++ language. Automatic differentiation techniques are applied allowing users to define objective functions and operational constraints. An interior point method is used to obtain numerical solutions of the associated optimization problem. Numerical results are presented for a 45bus Southern Brazilian equivalent test system.
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