Rancidity scores and several chemical assessments of lipid degradation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugation, fluorescent products, polyene index) were made on three types of dried-salted sardines stored at three temperatures for 24 weeks. The non-enzymic browning of the samples was also evaluated. Results from only two of the five indices, i.e. polyene index and the presence of fluorescent products, showed a significant correlation ( P € 0.01) with rancidity score.

Observations of the vegetative and reproductive biomass produced annually and the mineral element contents have been conducted on diverse oil palm plant materials tested in a genetic test in Indonesia. The results show that the nutrient uptake (for trunk growth, leaf renewal and bunch export) greatly varies (CV = 10% for N uptake and 17% for K uptake) with the origins of the planting materials considered. For equivalent production, the uptake in nutrients of certain plant material may differ very significantly; for the same level of uptake in nutrients, production can vary significantly. This study supports the hypothesis that the optimal nutrient thresholds are intrinsically linked to the plant material. It assumes that some planting materials have different needs and that a fertilizer regime could be adapted to their specific needs without losses in performance. To confirm these assumptions, the need of implementing specific experimental devices with differentiated fertilization regimes is discussed. (Résumé d'auteur

BackgroundThere is great potential for the genetic improvement of oil palm yield. Traditional progeny tests allow accurate selection but limit the number of individuals evaluated. Genomic selection (GS) could overcome this constraint. We estimated the accuracy of GS prediction of seven oil yield components using A × B hybrid progeny tests with almost 500 crosses for training and 200 crosses for independent validation. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) yielded +5000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the parents of the crosses. The genomic best linear unbiased prediction method gave genomic predictions using the SNPs of the training and validation sets and the phenotypes of the training crosses. The practical impact was illustrated by quantifying the additional bunch production of the crosses selected in the validation experiment if genomic preselection had been applied in the parental populations before progeny tests.ResultsWe found that prediction accuracies for cross values plateaued at 500 to 2000 SNPs, with high (0.73) or low (0.28) values depending on traits. Similar results were obtained when parental breeding values were predicted. GS was able to capture genetic differences within parental families, requiring at least 2000 SNPs with less than 5% missing data, imputed using pedigrees. Genomic preselection could have increased the selected hybrids bunch production by more than 10%.ConclusionsFinally, preselection for yield components using GBS is the first possible application of GS in oil palm. This will increase selection intensity, thus improving the performance of commercial hybrids. Further research is required to increase the benefits from GS, which should revolutionize oil palm breeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4179-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

No abstract

The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the ethics of teacher and students interaction according to perspective of Imam Al Ghazali in the book called Ihya' Ulumuddin to develop the concept of ethics in the field of education and as an effort to next generation of nation that has an ethics that fits to the purpose of education. This research used qualitative descriptive approaches and type of research used literature or library research. This research concludes that according to Imam Al Ghazali in the book called Ihya umumuddin : a teacher must have an affection to the students, and imitate Rasulullah SAW in performing his teaching duties and intend to seek for Allah's pleasure. While the ethics of students interaction with the teacher according to Imam Al Ghazali : the students must purify their soul from the negative morals and natures before study, so that the knowledge they will learn can be useful and embedded to their soul, and only seek for the pleasure of Allah SWT in studying.

Islamic Education in the globalization eras makes an opportunity to fill the moral and spiritual emptiness of modern humans in another side has a challenge when its inability to respond to various crises and discussions. The era of globalization with all the elements, encourage variety of new paradigms in Islamic religious education through various types of educational components, so that Islamic education can provide the right answers to various challenges in accordance with the times. The method used in this study is a literature review, with primary sources of Islamic Education; Tradition and Modernization in the Middle of the Challenge of Millennium III. As well as Law No. 14, 2005 concerning teachers and lecturers. The results of this study conclude that to face the challenges of globalization of Islamic education requires human resources who have quality, through professional educators and have a work ethic and high commitment, have leadership spirit, become role models, motivators, broad-minded, creative and democratic. Which is illustrated through professionalism in design and learning models, planning and evaluation of learning. Keywords: Islamic Education, Professional educators, Globalization eras. Abstrak Pendidikan Agama Islam di era globalisasi menjadikan peluang untuk mengisi kekosongan moral dan spiritual manusia modern disatu sisi sebagai tantangan ketika ketidak mampuannya menjawab berbagai krisis serta pembahruan yang dihadapi. Era globalisasi dengan segala unsur yang ada di dalamnya, melahirkan berbagai paradigma baru dalam pendidikan agama Islam melaui berbabagai macam kompenen pendidikan, sehingga pendidikan Agama Islam bisa memberikan jawaban yang tepat atas berbagai tantangan sesuai dengan zamannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kajian pustaka (litelatur research), dengan sumber primer Pendidikan Islam; Tradisi dan Modernisasi di Tengah Tantangan Milenium III. Serta UU No.14 Tahun 2005 mengenai guru dan dosen. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa untuk menghadapi tantangan globalisasi pendidikan Agama Islam membutuhkan SDM yang hadal dan berkualitas, lewat pendidik yang professional serta memiliki etos kerja dan komitmen yang tinggi, memiliki jiwa kepemimpinan, menjadi teladan, motivatoris, berwawasan luas, kreatif dan demokratis. Yang tergambar melaui profesionalitas dalam desain serta model pembelajara, perencanaan serta evaluasi pemeblajaran. Kata Kunci:  Pendidikan Agama Islam, Pendidik profesional, Era globalisasi

The objective of the research was to identify volatile flavor compounds and odor description of tempeh wrapped with banana leaf and plastic fermented at different times. The research object was tempeh wrapped with banana leaf (TD) at 48 (TD1H), 72 (TD2H), and 96 hours (TD3H) fermented, and tempeh wrapped with plastic (TP) at 48 (TP1H), 72 (TP2H), and 96 hours (TP3H) fermented. Sample was extracted by SPME. GC-MS/O was used to identify volatile flavor compounds and odor description. The volatile flavor compound found in tempeh were group of ester, terpenoid, alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, furan and nitrogen containing compound. α-pinene was only found in tempeh wrapped with banana leaf, whereas piperazine, sec-butyl nitrite and (Z)-α-bisabolene were only found in tempeh wrapped with plastic. This revealed that there was difference flavor compound found in tempeh wrapped with banana leaf and tempeh wrapped with plastic. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun flavor volatil dan aroma tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang dan plastik pada waktu fermentasi yang berbeda-beda. Tempe yang digunakan sebagai objek penelitian adalah tempe yang dibungkus dengan daun pisang (TD) dengan waktu fermentasi 48 jam (TD1H), 72 jam (TD2H), dan 96 jam (TD3H) dan tempe yang dibungkus plastik (TP) dengan waktu fermentasi 48 jam (TP1H), 72 jam (TP2H), dan 96 jam (TP3H). Ekstraksi sampel tempe menggunakan HS-SPME. Analisis flavor dan deskripsi odor dilakukan dengan menggunakan GC-MS/O. Senyawa flavor tempe yang diperoleh adalah senyawa-senyawa dari golongan ester, terpenoid, alkohol, aldehid, keton, furan dan senyawa-senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen. α-pinen hanya ditemukan pada tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang, sedangkan piperazin, sec-butil nitrit dan (Z)-α-bisabolen hanya ditemukan pada tempe yang dibungkus plastik saja. Hal ini berarti ada perbedaan komponen penyusun senyawa flavor pada tempe yang dibungkus daun pisang dan plastik.

Innovations of concrete growing quite rapidly now from reuse and reduce. materials unused or addition of additives in order to increase the quality of concrete include the addition of waste carbide (B3) is an effort to increase the element calcium is required in the reaction PENDAHULUANKualitas mutu beton sering dikaitkan dengan kuat tekan beton, semakin tinggi kuat tekan maka semakin baik kualitas dari beton. Kualitas beton tergantung dari bahan baku yang dipakai sebagai perekat atau sebagai agregat. Perekat yang biasa dipakai adalah semen dan agregat yang digunakan pasir.Inovasi beton sekarang mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat dari reuse dan reduce bahan material tak terpakai atau penambahan zat aditif dengan tujuan agar bertambahnya kualitas mutu beton itu sendiri dan bertambahnya nilai ekonomis dari bahan yang tak terpakai seperti abu sekam, pecahan keramik dan berbagai ampas atau bahkan limbah dari adukan beton itu sendiri.Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 101 tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun mendefinisikan Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) sebagai zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain yang karena sifat, konsentrasi, dan/atau jumlahnya, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, dapat mencemarkan dan/atau merusak lingkungan hidup, dan/atau membahayakan lingkungan hidup, kesehatan, serta kelangsungan hidup manusia dan makhluk hidup lain.Limbah B3 yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah limbah karbit. Limbah karbit merupakan sisa dari reaksi karbit terhadap air yang menghasilkan gas acyetilene. Limbah karbit itu sendiri sangat mudah dijumpai pada bengkel-bengkel las acyetilene di daerah Lamongan yang pada umumnya tidak dilakukan pengolahan terhadap limbah karbit tersebut karena dianggap tidak bernilai ekonomis dan mengandung zat berbahaya. Seiring berkembangnya teknologi dan inovasi beton solusi pengurangan limbah karbit yang yang menumpuk di daerah Lamongan adalah dengan melakukan pemakaian kembali (Reuse) agar dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material bahan konstruksi bangunan lain yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Tujuannya adalah untuk dan mengurangi limbah (B3) yang dapat mencemari lingkungan sekitar dan mewujudkan pembangunan yang berkesinambungan (sustainable construction) yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat.