The reports show that America is currently paying around 17.9% of the national annual budget on expenses of health care services with expecting to be raised of up to 19.6% in 2021, same with other developed and developing countries. This makes alarming and pushes our look again of the way of management of the operations of health care systems, especially when the increased costs are also accompanied by not satisfied or poor health care results. The topic of this paper addresses an understudied and essential element that can improve the learning process by using Double-Loop Learning Theory (by Argyris & Schon) in Purchasing process of the healthcare organizations, which will be added value to reduce the unnecessary costs especially that most of the public healthcare organizations are subject to shrinkage in their annual budget. This paper looks to the Essential cornerstone of learning in the process of decision making, and will examine how efficient and practical will be the strategies of behavior in this specialty involve share of organization power with any staff who has the skills and capabilities, and with any member of the organization who is competent in to be involved in decision making process or action implementation, in any defined task, or taking control of the environment within the organization.
The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and employees’ turnover intention. This study employed a quantitative research approach by conducting a survey to collect data. By using convenience sampling, 70 permanent employees from the organization were sampled for the study. Employing SPSS version 18.0, descriptive statistical analysis revealed that level of HRM practices was moderate while turnover intention of respondents was at low level. Meanwhile, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that HRM practices were significantly negative correlated with turnover intention. In conclusion, these findings can be used by the management board of the organization to understand their employees’ turnover intention and further improve HRM practices.
Malaysia is among the countries in Southeast Asia surrounded by sea, apart from Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, Philippines and a few others, with about 515,000 kilometres squared land at sea level skirting Malaysia along 4,809 km of coastlines. Improving the management of coastal areas is important to improve the sustainability of the areas, and one way to achieve this is through collaborative management by integrating land and marine spatial data. This paper highlights the importance of bringing in the concept of collaboration between agencies and addresses issues related to the realization of integration of dataset sharing between land and marine. The concept of collaboration, past studies related to development of collaboration strategies, issues and problems in collaboration, as well as success factors in the collaboration process are discusses in this paper to demonstrate the importance of building a collaborative strategy model to enable the integration of geospatial datasets between land and marine.
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