A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted among rickshaw drivers in Rawalpindi, Pakistan to study their road rage behaviour and experiences. Cumulatively 318 male drivers participated in this study. The most common forms of road rage reported were: having been shouted at; and having experienced rude gestures from other drivers (78.9% each). Least common forms of road rage reported were: threats of physical hurt or having actually been physically hurt (≤ 3% each). Rickshaw drivers with shorter driving time (≤ 10 years) had significantly more road rage experiences than those who had been driving for more than 10 years (P < 0.01). There is a need for nationally representative surveys to study road age in commercial vehicle drivers so as to improve road safety in Pakistan.

Road rage and road traffic accidents increase the burden of morbidity and mortality in a population. A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted among commercial vehicle drivers in Lahore, Pakistan (n = 901) to record their behaviours/experiences regarding road rage and road traffic accidents. Respondents were asked about incidents of shouting/cursing/rude gestures or threats to physically hurt the person/vehicle, by others or themselves, in the previous 24 hours or 3 months, and their involvement in road traffic accidents in the previous 12 months. Auto-rickshaw drivers were significantly more likely to report various road rage experiences/ behaviours and involvement in accidents compared with bus and wagon drivers. A total of 112 respondents (12.4%) reported being involved in a road traffic accident in the previous 12 months but traffic police did not record the accident in 52.7% of cases. The results of this study underline the need to improve road safety in Pakistan. 1Independent Consultancy, Tunis, Tunisia (Correspondence to M.A. Shaikh: masoodali1@yahoo.com). RÉSUMÉ La rage au volant et les accidents de la circulation augmentent la charge de morbidité et la mortalité dans la population. Une enquête transversale fondée sur un échantillon de commodité a été menée auprès de conducteurs de véhicules utilitaires (n = 901) à Lahore (Pakistan) pour observer leurs comportements et leurs expériences concernant la rage au volant et les accidents de la circulation. Les participants à l'enquête ont été interrogés sur les incidents impliquant des agressions verbales, des jurons, des gestes insultants ou des menaces de violences physiques dirigées contre une personne et/ou un véhicule, par eux-mêmes ou par des tiers au cours des dernières 24 heures ou des trois derniers mois. L'enquête portait aussi sur leur implication dans des accidents de la circulation aus cours des douze derniers mois. Les conducteurs de rickshaw étaient davantage susceptibles de rapporter des expériences et/ou des comportements de rage au volant et des implications dans des accidents que les chauffeurs de bus ou de fourgons. Au total, 112 répondants (12,4 %) ont indiqué avoir été impliqués dans un accident de la circulation au cours des douze derniers mois, mais la police n'a pas enregistré l'accident dans 52,7 % des cas. Les résultats de l'étude soulignent la nécessité d'améliorer la sécurité routière au Pakistan.‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫عرش‬ ‫الثامن‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫الرابع‬ ‫العدد‬ 403

Discovering new constructs in the field of psychological health, positive psychology has been successful to introduce new resistance resources for coping with the stressful events, especially at universities students. Positive psychology, as a modern approach, emphasizes on perception and interpretation of happiness and well-being and prediction of the factors related to them as well. Psychological well-being is a multi-dimensional concept; optimism, self-control, happiness, sense of interests, free of failures, anxiety and loneliness has been considered as the special aspects of well-being (Sinha & Verma, 1992). Mc Culloch (1991) shows that positive mood, positive emotions and social support play basic role in constructing psychological well-being.

No abstract

The present investigation is aimed to conduct a comparative study that examine the effect of pranayama on premenstrual syndrome to gain insight on the role of pranayama. Total 100 females age range from 10 to 50 years participated in this study from Kapurthala, district of Punjab, India. Further the population was divided into two groups with equal number of participants (n=50), group A (no intervention) and group B (pranayama). The subjects of group A did not perform any type of breathing and yogic technique for past four to five months and group B used to perform pranayama exercise on regular basis. Results showed positive significant effect of pranayama practices on premenstrual syndrome (t=58.26, p<.01).