Graphene-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are very promising candidates for next generation miniaturised, lightweight, and ultra-sensitive devices. In this paper we review the progress to-date of the assessment of the mechanical, electromechanical, thermomechanical properties of graphene towards application in graphene-based MEMS. Graphene possesses a plethora of outstanding properties-such as a 1 TPa Young's modulus, exceptionally high 2D failure strength that stems from its sp 2 hybridization, and strong sigma bonding between carbon atoms. Such exceptional mechanical properties can enable, for example, graphene-based sound sources capable of generating sound beyond the audible range. The recently engineered piezoelectric properties of AFM-tip-pressed graphene membranes or supported graphene on SiO 2 substrates, have paved the way in fabricating graphene-based nanogenerators and actuators.On the other hand, graphene's piezoresistive properties have enabled miniaturized pressure and strain sensors. Two-dimensional graphene nanomechanical resonators can potentially measure

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged as a promising technique for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of elements in a wide variety of samples. However, conventional LIBS suffers from a high limit of detection (LoD) compared with other analytical techniques. This review briefly discusses several methods that demonstrate the applicability and prospects for trace element detection while lowering the LoD when coupled with LIBS. This review compares the enhancement mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of these techniques. Finally, the recent development and application of LIBS coupled techniques for trace element detection are also discussed for various samples such as metal alloys, biomaterials, rare earth elements, explosives, drinking water, and water bodies.

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