Identification of multiple rare earths and associated elements in raw monazite sands by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Abedin, Kazi Monowar; Haider, A. F. M. Y.; Rony, M.A.; Khan, Zulfiqar Hasan

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2010.05.003

Cited by 67 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Therefore, P, Ce, and Gd detected in product D may have originated from pharmaceutical bulk. It is interesting that other lanthanides (Pr, Nd, and Sm), actinides (Th and U), and Y, which are known to be present in monazite , were not detected. In addition, the origin of Se remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Binders Derived from Natural Ores Contain Many Kinds of Metallic Elements Besides Their Active Ingredient Metals

et al. 2018

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Most patients undergoing dialysis are required to take many phosphate binder pills to control hyperphosphatemia. Phosphate binders prescribed in Japan are classified into two types: metal-based binders (Ca carbonate, lanthanum carbonate, ferric citrate hydrate, and sucroferric oxyhydroxide) and chemically synthesized polymers (sevelamer hydrochloride and bixalomer). The raw materials of metal-based phosphate binders are natural ores; thus, such binders may contain several other metallic elements. We measured the elemental contents in six metal-based phosphate binders using an inductively coupled plasma mass - spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. As a result, despite being in small amounts, ore-derived phosphate binders contained various elements besides their active ingredient metals: Na, Mg, P, Mn, Fe, Sr, Y, Ba, La, Nd, and Pb in three Ca-based products; Mg, P, Se, Ce, and Gd in one La-based product; and Na, Mg, Al, P, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Ge, Ba, and La in two Fe-based products. These elements are considered to have originated from pharmaceutical bulk and from pharmaceutical additives. It is unlikely these elements are immediately harmful to patients. However, it should be emphasized that patients undergoing dialysis do not have a urinary excretion route and are administered many phosphate binder pills every day over a long period of time. In the future, pharmaceutical companies may have to disclose standard amounts and/or analytical values regarding the type and quantity of metallic elements in the final formulation or pharmaceutical bulk derived from natural ores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Binders Derived from Natural Ores Contain Many Kinds of Metallic Elements Besides Their Active Ingredient Metals

et al. 2018

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“…However, this technique is not commonly available. For rapid detection and analysis of REEs, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for REE peak identifications in monazite sand and coal ash (Abedin et al 2011;Phuoc et al 2016). Bhatt et al (2017) have used this method to quantitatively analyze REEs in geological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using yttrium as an indicator to estimate total rare earth element concentration: a case study of anthracite-associated clays from northeastern Pennsylvania

Yang

Kozar

Gorski³

et al. 2020

Int J Coal Sci Technol

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This study demonstrated using yttrium (Y) as an indicator to estimate the total rare earth element and Y contents (REY) in coal-associated samples and to facilitate selection of samples with high REY assays in a fast and inexpensive manner. More than 10 anthracite-associated samples were collected from each of three Pennsylvanian sites (sites B, J and C) based on Thorium gamma ray logging suggesting high REY content. Several samples from each site were analyzed by ICP-MS to determine the rare earth distribution patterns and to establish the site-specific linear equations of Y and REY. The Y contents of the remaining samples were measured by a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer, and the REY values were estimated based on the site-specific linear equation developed earlier. R-squared values above 0.70 were obtained for all the estimation equations from all three sites on both a whole sample basis and an ash basis. Previously, ash content has been widely used as an indicator of high REY content. This may not be applicable for a specific site. Site B in this study is an example where ash contents could not be statistically correlated with REY, so using Y for estimation is more applicable. The demonstrated sample screening process is suitable for samples from sites that share more similar distribution patterns (either MREY or LREY or HREY) as well as for samples from sites that share multiple distribution patterns (LREY/ MREY/HREY) depending on the desirable accuracy. The demonstrated process lowers the analytical cost from $70 to 80 dollars per sample to $10-15 per sample while significantly reducing the processing time and acid consumption for ICP digestion. This is particularly true when a relatively large sample size is involved, for example, 100 samples from one site analyzed by ICP-MS/OES.

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“…Yttrium as a component of iron garnets and as a toxic metal in incinerator stack exhausts has been reported in References [25][26][27]. LIBS has also been used to detect a large number of lanthanides in raw monazite sands [28]. Some statistical analysis is needed to develop calibration and validation models [29,30] for the LIBS work done previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A Novel Approach Used in the Detection of Six Rare Earths and One Transition Metal

et al. 2019

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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was undertaken using an instrument which used a high-powered microscope to deliver the light and tightly focused the low energy laser beam onto the surface of a solid sample. A micro-plasma was generated on the surface of the sample under test even though the amount of energy/pulse from a beam of 532 nm was <1 mJ. Rare earth elements such as europium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, and a transition metal, yttrium, were tested. These elements are important in nuclear fission reactions especially for estimation of actinide masses for non-proliferation “safeguards”. Each element was mixed in the graphite matrix in different percentages from 1% to 50% by weight and the LIBS spectra were obtained for each composition as well as after mixing each element in the same amount using oxides of the elements. The data for the 5% mixture of the rare earth elements with graphite powder along with the transition metal has been presented in this article. A micro-LIBS approach was used to demonstrate that these rare earth elements can be identified individually and in a complex mixture in glove boxes in which the microscope LIBS instrument is housed in a nuclear research environment.

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Identification of multiple rare earths and associated elements in raw monazite sands by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cited by 67 publications

References 14 publications

Phosphate Binders Derived from Natural Ores Contain Many Kinds of Metallic Elements Besides Their Active Ingredient Metals

Phosphate Binders Derived from Natural Ores Contain Many Kinds of Metallic Elements Besides Their Active Ingredient Metals

Using yttrium as an indicator to estimate total rare earth element concentration: a case study of anthracite-associated clays from northeastern Pennsylvania

Micro-Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: A Novel Approach Used in the Detection of Six Rare Earths and One Transition Metal

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