This research study attempts to explore the effect of a trade war between the United States of America and China on Pakistan and other regional countries exports to the United States of America. The difference-in-difference methodology used to obtain the coefficients of each country to estimate the change in exports to the US from China, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that due to the imposition of US tariffs, China�s exports to the US reduced by 39%, whereas Pakistan�s exports to the US lowered by 3%. India and Bangladesh, on the other hand, gains from the trade war with India�s exports increased by 39% and Bangladesh�s exports increased by 50%. Therefore, it can conclude that the US-China trade war does not bring positivity to overall Pakistan�s trade position.

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Worldwide trade plays a significant part in encouraging Pakistan's economic growth and development. For further enhancing the trade, the concerned quarters or authorities have dynamically grown the number of free trade agreements with its trading nations. However, there are various reasons for the surge of RTAs/FTAs worldwide. In this study, we estimated the trade efficiency of Pakistan's exports and imports and its determinants. The stochastic gravity model was used with data from 13 countries starting from 1981 till 2018. The results suggest Pakistan's trade is much below its true potential. The trade efficiency of exports contributed more as compared to the trade efficiency of imports. The average trade efficiency of exports stands at 36% which is still lower than the potential. This implies that Pakistan needs to explore new markets and develop value-added products to achieve 100% efficiency. The average efficiency of imports of 20% reflects a lower contribution of trade within SAARC countries and others. The study further explores that reducing trade barriers and may lead to an increase in trade efficiency.

This study estimated the trade potential of Pakistan by using the gravity model of trade. In this research, the panel data is used for the time period 1995-2018 for 42 counties under analysis. The country's potential trade is predicted with some specific trading partners as well as globally in the context of coefficients results obtained from the model. The outcomes indicated that Pakistan's potential in terms of trade is at maximum level in (ASEAN), (EU), Middle East, Latin America and North America. The potential for trade is very lower with (SAARC) and (ECO). The key issues analyzed by this study are; political and social barriers with neighboring countries, specifically India and Pakistan, which are the biggest economies of SAARC. The same barriers seemed in the EU and NAFTA. In this situation, the Exports of Pakistan are badly impacted by political crises.

This research has focused on different parameters for the working environment of the hotel industry. The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the effect of Workplace Attire on employee performance and to determine the mediating effect of Organizational Idethe identification and Self-esteem for Pakistan. The basic criteria are set upon self-esteem and factors. The data sample consists of 200 employees working in the restaurant industry. It showed the impact significantly of Workplace Attire on Employee Performance and the study also proved the mediating effect of Organizational Identification and Self-Esteem on the relationship between Workplace Attire and Employee Performance. The findings provide some important managerial implications for better decision-making in the field of the restaurant industry.

The current study investigates the real influence of the rate of exchange in real terms, GDP in real terms, money supply and infrastructure on the balance of trade in Pakistan by employing Johnson co-integration and ECM. The real GDP and infrastructure positively affected mini missing the gap of trade deficit to improve the trade performance of the economy of Pakistan.In contrast, the factor of effective exchange rate and money supply negatively affected on trade deficit of the country. The rate of R-Square is 0.85, it tells that 85 percent variation in the balance of trade is captured by independent variables.The important recommendation of this research is that the exchange rate should be stable and consistent with the equilibrium path. The negative ECM value of -40 obviously pointed out that there is a 40 percent convergence of the total said parameters in mini missing the gap of trade deficit for the economy of Pakistan.

The current study is an attempt to explore the micro determinants of poverty eradication in Pakistan. The probit model has been used on the data obtained from Pakistan Standard Living Measurement Survey 2019-20. The results indicate that access to drinking water, availability of sanitation and hygiene facilities, holding an agricultural land, having livestock in possession,household size and being a native of the area reduce the predictive probability of being poor. Other variables such as cash transfers, receiving foreign remittances and being self-employed also have a positive impact on poverty eradication. Poverty Trends are analyzed using three cycles of data from 2008-08, 2015-16 and 2019-20, which further reveals an increase in absolute poverty. Government should increase spending on socioeconomic programs with special emphasize on land distribution in rural areas. Social safety nets in the form of cash transfers and foreign remittances would support the vulnerable in the event of external shocks.