Background: The burns resulting from heating mechanisms or hot sources are inevitable as such a scheme is an integral part of human’s life. It though benefits on one hand but unfortunately it harms as well especially if due care is not rendered in this regard. Aim: To assess the seasonal effects on presentation of victims of burns. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on the medicolegal cases of burns filtered at medicolegal clinic of Mayo Hospital Lahore, Accident and Emergency Department from December 2017 to August 2018. A total of 250 cases were studied presenting in the above setting. Result: The study revealed the seasonality as a quiet common and impressive factor in reporting of victims of burns in the medicolegal clinic of Mayo Hospital/King Edward Medical University Lahore. The winter months of December, January and February were the most common reporting months of study showing maximum peaks. Keywords: Burns, Season, Variation, Factors

Background: The criminal investigation starts at crime scene and ends in the laboratory. The most vital of which is mortuary where the postmortem examination of the deceased is carried out to answer the questions of interest in that investigatory menu. Aim: Unaided eye estimation of age from the lambdoid suture of skull on autopsy. Methods: The subjects under study were taken from mortuary of the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology in the King Edward Medical University Lahore during the year 2016. The targeted population for study was the draining are of the mortuary of King Edward Medical College having designated police station. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the calculated sample among the research population as a research method. A non-probability convenient consecutive sampling technique was applied to collect the data. The comparative descriptive study design was utilized to analyze the results. Results: The study revealed that among the targeted population a higher percentage more than third of the sample size were adolescents of age between 21 – 30 years being 35% followed by elderlies of age between 41 – 50 years amount to 20%. The research depicted that age can be determined from degree of closure of lambdoid suture in the dead body on the autopsy table with closure taking place earlier in males as compared to that of females. Conclusion: This study concludes that it is possible to estimate age from the degree of lambdoid suture closure of the deceased skull vault during the postmortem examination. Keywords: Age, Lambdoid, Suture, Autopsy, Cranial, Post-mortem Examination, Skull

Nanosensors are acquiring expanding consideration because of the need to identify and quantify synthetic and actual properties in hard to arrive at natural and modern frameworks that are in the nano-scale locale. The overviews of different sensors based on nanomaterials, arranged into three expansive categories, are: mechanical, electromagnetic, and optical nanosensors. Nanotechnology has led to the synthesis of nanostructures having unique properties like morphology, conductance, and optical properties. Nanostructures provide increased surface for reactivity and transduction signal due to increase in surface area to volume ratio. Herein, the authors are discussing different nanomaterials; composites which is applied for exceedingly selective detection of analytes. The detecting ideas and their comparing benefits are talked about concerning their applications.

Background: Burn injuries are the trauma to live human tissue as result of some burning source including fire, flame, heat, electricity or some chemical. The interrelated intricate complexity of the place of occurrence and incidents of burns had long been a scope of interest to medical and medicolegal personnel. Aim: To investigate the association of incidences of burns with their place of occurrence. Methodology: The research data has been collected from the victims of domestic burn presenting in the Accident and Emergency Department (AED) Jinnah Hospital Lahore and filtered at the medicolegal clinic of Alama Iqbal Medical College Lahore. A total of 250 burns of domestic violence were registered from January 2018 to August 2018 and were included in the study after fulfilling the exclusion and exclusion criteria. Observation research method was carried out with descriptive cross-sectional study design by applying quantitative questionnaire as a data collection tool. The study population consisted of the rural and urban areas of the area of drainage of the said research settings. Results: The study revealed highly significant association with medium of burns and place of occurrence grossly taking place at home with scalds as most frequent medium with 0.000 significant p value. Single or unmarried population was strongly associated with p value 0.004 facing burn injuries at home. Professional population versus amateur had also shown strong association for place of occurrence as home for burn injuries with p value 0.021 though less marked in professional population. The study concludes that scalds as commonest medium, single unmarried persons involved more than married ones and home of the victim was an easy target for the perpetrators. Conclusion: The study revealed strong association of medium of burns, marital status and proficiency of the population for incidence of burns frequently had home setting as a place of occurrence. Keywords: Burns, Domestic Violence, Place of Occurrence, Incidences of Burns

Background: Burns due to domestic violence are responsible for physical abuse as well as emotional scars in long term consequences. Domestic violence can range from physical harm to sexual, psychological, and economic abuse, and it often escalates over time. Burns are one of the finest manifestation of domestic violence including severe pain, disfigurement and long term health complications. The recovery phase is also subject to mental, social and physical stress. Survivors are subject to experience severe anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Nursing care is what that can be answer to all above described mental and physical stress in the recovery phase or period of hospitalization. Aim: To explore whether the nursing care do play a role in recovery of burn injuries inflicted due to domestic violence. Methodology: The study included 250 victims of burns due to domestic violence who presented in AED of the Jinnah Hospital and filtered in the medicolegal clinic of the AIMC Lahore during the January to August period of the year 2018. An observational researched method was applied to rural and urban areas of the jurisdiction of said research setting. Results: The study results show that professional nursing care and specialized health services plays a pivotal role with a grossly significant p value of 0.000 helping the burn victims of domestic violence to recover from their injuries as compared to general nursing services. The terminal outcome as also found significant with 0.025 p value. Conclusion: The specialized health services and professional nursing care can significantly alter the outcome of the burn injuries. The likely outcome and complications can be avoided if a better and targeted services in reference to burn care could be rendered to the injuries of burns due to domestic violence. Hence the study emphasizes on the practicality of the role of nursing care as a vital aspect in terms of recovering from burning injuries. Keywords: Burns, Domestic, Violence, Nursing Care, Injuries, Recovery

Background: The decision to report domestic violence incidents, including burns, can be complex and influenced by various factors such as lack of confidence in police, delay in delivery of the just and social factors like that of fear, shame, and a belief that the family might be disturbed. Understandingthis trend is crucial in developing effective strategies to support and protect survivors. In matters of domestic violence of burns the victims fear to register the case in police station or any health facility. Aim: To understand the factors responsible for the failure of registering their burn incident as medicolegal issue. Methodology: Study was carried out among the victims of burns of domestic violence in the catchment area of May Hospital Lahore.The population of study comprises of urban and rural populations. The study sample comprised of 450 unfortunate victims of domestic burns for one whole year of 2018 from January to December brought in the Medicolegal Clinic of the King Edward Medical University Lahore. The data was collected on a predesigned questionnaire after due approval from Ethical Review Committee and Institutional Review Board. Results: The study results revealed that literacy level play a pivotal role in registering the incident of domestic violence a matter of legal concern being significant with a p value as 0.029. The social factors like that of confidence in the local police, the delay of the justice system and physical or emotional disturbance of the family if the fight for a legal battle in criminal domestic burn incident was found grossly significant with p value as 0.000 being very valid in growing economies. Conclusion: The study was found conclusive that literacy level and social factors like that of confidence in local law enforcement agencies, delay in delivery of the justice and family issues are the most vital social factors hindering to fight a legal battle in domestic burn incidents. Keywords: Burns, Domestic Violence, Legal Rights, Law Enforcement, Medicolegal Burns, Justice System

Background: In day to day life every human whether young or the old happens to deal or face the fire sources or any relevant entity. Great research is available in all the regions of the world and generous emphasis had been delivered widely. Though the advantages of the energy sources outweighs its disadvantages if dealt with proper care but accidents do happen in this process. The study focuses on the association of the demographic variables like age, gender, marital status and level of education. Aim: To observe the association of demographic variables with types of the burns. Methods: A total of 250 victims of burns presenting in the Medicolegal Clinic of King Edward Medical University Lahore/ Emergency of Mayo Hospital Lahore expanded over a period of several months from December 2017 to August 2018. Results: A grossly significant association of the age, gender, occupation and level of education of the victims of burns with types of different burns i.e. scalds, dry flame burns, chemical burns and electrical burns was observed with a 0.000 p value. A little lower significance of marital status of with a p value of 0.036 was observed when compared to different types of burns. Keywords: Scalds, Dry flame, Chemical, Electrical, Burns, Age, Gender, Marital Status, Occupation

Background: There is no impact without an imprint. Such an imprint can range from a simple scar to functio laesa of an organ. The burns are much more notorious than any other sort of trauma/impact. Most common physiological imperilments of burns can be permanent scarring, disfigurement, mobility restrictions, loss of sensations and permanent pain etc. The frequency of all these imperilments is described in the current research. Methodology: The study was carried out in year 2018 from January to September in AED of Jinnah Hospital Lahore. There were 300 surviving victims of burns of domestic violence collected through non-probability consecutive purposive sampling for a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: The study revealed the permanent pain and discomfort as the most frequent physiological imperilments reported to be 27% followed by mobility restrictions occurring in 23% third commonest was the sensorineural loss observed in 17% approximately among all the cases participating in the current study. Conclusion: We concluded escaping the burns incident uneventfully may be possible if the burns were minor or medical care services were up to the par and delivered well in time. Keywords: Physiological Imperilments, Domestic, Burns