Nanosensors are acquiring expanding consideration because of the need to identify and quantify synthetic and actual properties in hard to arrive at natural and modern frameworks that are in the nano-scale locale. The overviews of different sensors based on nanomaterials, arranged into three expansive categories, are: mechanical, electromagnetic, and optical nanosensors. Nanotechnology has led to the synthesis of nanostructures having unique properties like morphology, conductance, and optical properties. Nanostructures provide increased surface for reactivity and transduction signal due to increase in surface area to volume ratio. Herein, the authors are discussing different nanomaterials; composites which is applied for exceedingly selective detection of analytes. The detecting ideas and their comparing benefits are talked about concerning their applications.
Nano forensics utilizes nano-based sensors in matters of crime or where the legality of the process is challenged. There exist many conventional techniques, but considering the approach of criminals and the modern-day standard of investigation, there is a need for nanotechnology-based sensors for their sensitive, selective, and rapid detection of illicit drugs. Illicit drugs are psychoactive in nature. They act upon the CNS that results in different perceptions and long-lasting responses. This chapter covers the drugs that can be the potential source of causing abuse and those commonly detected in forensic lab testing. The conventional techniques have a few drawbacks. They are time-consuming, highly expensive, and some of these techniques are also destructive. Nanosensors are nanoparticle-based probing techniques that constitute a sensing platform for the detection of the biological substance present in the evidence sample collected from the crime scene. These nanosensors can work with limited quantities, and the quality of the sample yields valuable information for preparing the scientific report.
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