The article presents preliminary results of studies on the assessment of VNIISPK breeding common quince use as an intensive type seedling rootstock for pear cultivation in the conditions of Central Russia. It was established that the common quince of VNIISPK breeding is suitable to be used as seedling rootstock of pear in conditions of the Russian midland and has sufficient winter resistance of overground and root systems, high seedling yield in seedling rootstock breeding and good compatibility with some pear varieties. Strong fusion with the rootstock and active growth development when using an apple-pear hybrid No. 818 was noted; it can be recommended as an intermediate stock (mediator) in incompatible variety-rootstock combinations. Research in this direction will be continued.
The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory physiology resistance of fruit plant at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 2017-2018. The objects of research were cherry varieties by the Institute selection. The year of setting was 2015. The scheme of setting – 5×2 m. Inter-row spacing and zone near a tree trunk – weedfree fallow. The purpose of the research was to study some physiological and biochemical adaptation processes in the autumn-winter period and evaluated the frost resistance of cherry varieties by artificial freezing method. The dynamics of the fractional composition of water in the tissues of annual branches of cherry varieties was studied. At the same time, the maximum proportion of bond water to free water was found in the varieties Bystrinka, Livenskaia, Muza, Novella, Shokoladnitsa. During the autumn period, the increase of bound water and the decrease of free water depended on the accumulation of the amino acid proline in annual cherry branches. The high level of dependence of bound to free water ratio and the proline amount on the minimum air temperature in the autumn period was noticed in the cherry varieties, which were studied. At the beginning of winter, the average dependence between the degree of freezing of varieties and the amount of bound water in the tissues of annual cherry branches was established. The dependence of the accumulation of the amino acid proline on the effects of low-temperature stress in winter was revealed. The resistance to early winter frosts (t = -25°C) was marked in all studied cherry varieties. The maximum frost resistance was marked in Livenskaia, Novella, Orlitsa, Shokoladnitsa varieties at t = -35°C. As a result of artificial freezing, frost-resistant varieties of cherry Livenskaia, Novella and Shokoladnitsa, which showed the highest level of resistance of generative and vegetative buds, bark and wood substance to the damaging factors of winter, were identified.
Пленарные доклады 1Казанский институт биохимии и биофизики -обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Казань, Россия 2Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Казань, Россия, 3Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт биохимии и физиологии растений и микроорганизмов РАН, Саратов, Россия, 4Институт органической и физической химии им. А.Е. Арбузова -обособленное структурное подразделение ФИЦ КазНЦ РАН, Казань, Россия
The study of the frost resistance was carried out in 2017–2019 on the basis of the Laboratory of Physiology of Fruit Plant Resistance, Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin (‘Kokinskaya Rannia’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tzaritza’, ‘Urozhaynaya TzGL’ – Russia; ‘Sara’ – Sweden; ‘Alba’, ‘Marmolada’ – Italy; ‘Korona’, ‘Sonata’ – Holland) were used as experimental material. The frosts resistance of strawberry varieties was studied in the laboratory conditions was used by artificial freezing. A model of strawberry plant selection was developed to determine the main components of winter hardiness. On the basis of preparation of plant samples for modeling of damaging factors of the winter period, storage conditions of experimental plants were developed. Plant hardening and modeling of damaging factors of the winter period were carried out with the additional modification for strawberries. As a result of the artificial freezing, the damage to the tissues of rhizome and apical buds of shoots of strawberry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were evaluated in early winter period and during thaws in winter. It was determined that the decrease in the temperature to -15°C at the end of November did not cause irreversible damage to the strawberry varieties. The decrease in the temperature to -20°C in early December increased the damage to the studied strawberry varieties. During the winter it was determined that the strawberry response to the thaw increased by the end of the winter period. The decrease in frost resistance is primarily due to the resumption of growth processes under the influence of positive temperatures. As a result of determining the components of winter hardiness, the varieties Solovushaka, Tzaritza (Russia), Sara (Sweden) and Korona (Holland) showed the greatest potential of frost resistance.
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