For efficient selection of grain yield, like the most importance economic trait, in regard to its on the great influence the environmental factors, has complex mode of inheritance and low heritability, is necessary to know genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlations between grain yield and morphological traits of the plant and ear which are influencing on the grain yield. The objective of this paper was to determine relationship between grain yield and morphological traits, in 8 inbred lines and their hybrids. Strong genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between grain yield and other studied traits, except between grain yield, on one side, and kernel row number where we found medium correlations. Between other studied traits, the highest values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlations were found between ear length and cob weight
One of the objectives of this paper was to determine relationship between grain yield and yield components, in S1 and HS progenies of one early synthetic maize population. Grain yield was in high significant, medium strong and strong association with all studied yield components, in both populations. The strongest correlation was recorded between grain yield and 1000-kernel weight (S1 progenies rg = 0.684; HS progenies rg = 0.633). Between other studied traits, the highest values of genotypic coefficient of correlations were found between 1000-kernel weight and kernel depth in S1 population, and 1000-kernel weight and ear length in HS population. Also, objective of this research was founding the direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield. Desirable, high significant influence on grain yield, in path coefficient analysis, was found for 1000-kernel weight and kernel row number, and in S1 and HS progenies, and for ear length in population of S1 progenies. Kernel depth has undesirable direct effect on grain yield, in both populations
Genetic markers, from morphological to molecular, in function with early Heterosis is a prerequisite for the successful commercial maize production. It does not appear in any cross of two inbred lines, and therefore, the determination of combining abilities of parental lines is essential. The most commonly used method for determining combining abilities is diallel analysis. Besides conventional methods for diallel analysis, a new biplot approach has been sugested. In this paper, we studied the combining ability for grain yield in a set of genotypes obtained by diallel crossing system of six inbred lines. Both, the Griffing’s conventional method and the biplot approach have been used for diallel analysis. Comparing the GCA values from biplot analysis and Griffing’s method, similar results can be observed, with the exception of NS L 1051 and NS L 1000 whose ranks are interchanged. Biplot analysis enables the SCA estimation of parent inbred, and the highest SCA has inbred B73D. Biplot analysis also allows the estimation of the best crosses. Inbred B73D shows the best results when crossed with testers Mo17Ht, NS L 1051 and N152, inbred N152 combines best with testers NS L 1001 and NS L 1000, whereas the cross of inbred NS L 1051 with tester B73D results with the highest grain yield per plant in comparison with other testers
Utilization of heterosis requires the study of combining abilities of potential parents. In view of this, the objective of this paper was to study combining abilities and determine the mode of inheritance and gene effects for the main agronomic character, grain yield, and its components, kernel row number and kernel number per row. Six inbred lines were used in the study, three of which originated in the U.S., while the other three were developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. Kernel row number was inherited by superdominance, partial dominance, complete dominance and intermediacy. The mode of inheritance of kernel number per row and grain yield was superdominance. Additive gene action had the greatest influence on the expression of kernel row number, while the other two traits were influenced the most by nonadditive gene
In this paper we are studied correlations between grain yield and oil content, on one side, and morphological traits of plant and ear, on the other side, in two testcross maize populations. In testcross combination NSU1 × 568/II NS, oil content had positive genetic correlation with all studied traits. At the second studied population, NSU1 × B73, oil content had positive correlation only with ear height and ear length, while correlation between oil content and plant height and kernel row number were negative. Between other studied traits, at 568/II testcrosses, the strongest relationship was found between plant and ear height, and at B73 testcrosses between plant height and ear length. In NSU1 × 568/II NS, oil content had positive phenotypic correlations with all traits, except, with a kernel row number. In the second studied population, phenotypic correlations between oil content and all traits (except ear length) were negative. The highest value of phenotypic correlation between another studied traits, in NSU1 × 568/II NS testcross combination, was found between plant and ear height, and in NSU1 × B73, between plant height and kernel row number.
Heavy metals in the environment when present in excess have negative effect on survival of plants causing diminished physiological and molecular activities. As they are hard to degrade, their exchangeable fraction is accumulated in plants and animals, thus entering the food chain. As one of the major concerns among consumers worldwide is food safety, organic agriculture is a promising system for its preservation. In this work we have examined soil samples from the plant rhizosphere grown in organic production system at 5 different locations: Gložani, Svilajnac, Čenej 1, Čenej 2 and Temerin, for metal presence and chemical characteristics (soil acidity, humus content and free CaCO3 content). Determination of the total metal content ((As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn)) in soil samples was performed according to EPA 6010C method using inductively coupled plasma-optima emission spectrometry (ISP-OES). Results showed that the sampled soil is mainly of alkaline character,moderatly carbonate and rich in humus. The content of metals, at all localities, did not exceed the maximum allowed concentrations for the following metals: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. In the case of cobalt deviation from the MLC value was observed in four samples. However, in the case of copper only one sample exceeded MDK value. Presented results indicate that maintenance and regular soil quality control is necessary in both organic and conventional agriculture.
some machine learning algorithms for sex identification based on linear mandibular measurements derived from CT scans .
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