For efficient selection of grain yield, like the most importance economic trait, in regard to its on the great influence the environmental factors, has complex mode of inheritance and low heritability, is necessary to know genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlations between grain yield and morphological traits of the plant and ear which are influencing on the grain yield. The objective of this paper was to determine relationship between grain yield and morphological traits, in 8 inbred lines and their hybrids. Strong genetic and phenotypic correlations were found between grain yield and other studied traits, except between grain yield, on one side, and kernel row number where we found medium correlations. Between other studied traits, the highest values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of correlations were found between ear length and cob weight
Unpredictable environmental conditions lead to occurrence of large genotype by environment (G × E) interaction. It reduces the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic values and complicates selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this study was to estimate genotype by year (G × Y) interaction using AMMI model, to identify spring barley genotypes with stable and high yield performance and to observe association of different meteorological variables with tested growing seasons. The trials with 15 spring barley genotypes were conducted during seven years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005) at the location of Rimski Šančevi. The results showed that the influence of year (Y), genotype (G) and G × Y interaction on barley grain yield were significant (p < 0.01). Meteorological variables varied significantly from year to year and Y explained the highest percent of treatment variation (81%). The first three IPCA were significant and explained 83% of interaction variation. According to this study, it could be concluded that AMMI analysis provided an enhanced understanding of G × Y interaction in barley multi-years trials. Among the tested genotypes, LAV and NS 477 could be separated as highest yielding genotypes, however LAV could be recommended for further breeding program and large-scale production due to its stable and high yielding performance. It also provided better insight in specific association between spring barley grain yield and meteorological variables.
The objective of this study was to present the results of experiment conducted on 11 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and 1 cultivar of triticale (Triticosecale W) on stressful conditions of halomorphic solonetz in Kumane, Banat, Serbia. Across three growing seasons genotypic variability, monitoring of phenotypic variation and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) for number of grains per spike and yield was studied. The cultivar were grown in field trails of control treatment and treatments with measures repairs solonetz using phosphogypsum in the amount of 25 t?ha-1 and 50 t?ha-1. GEI was tested using AMMI (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) model. The expression of tested traits were statistically significant and showed additive and non-additive sources of variation. The first source of variation, quantified IPCA1 axis explained most of the structure of GEI.
The objective of this study was to develop diallel population hybrids by crossing selected germplasm and to determine the gene effects and genetic control of yield and yield components using diallel analysis. A complete diallel including reciprocals was made during 2003 and 2004 between five alfalfa cultivars of different geographic origin. For each pairwise cross, five plants were chosen at random from each of the two cultivars (*100 florets per plant) to obtain the F 1 generation. A spaced plant field was established in 2006 which included the five alfalfa cultivars (parents) and their 20 diallel hybrids (F 1 ). The results of the diallel analysis suggest that the genetic control of major agronomic traits is determined by both additive gene action (accumulation of frequency of desirable alleles represented by significant GCA effects) and nonadditive gene action (complementary gene interactions represented by significant SCA effects). This type of gene action expression in alfalfa also determines the way in which breeding is carried out and brings about changes in the methods used and has given rise to the idea of the semi-hybrid breeding of this crop. The concept involves: breeding alfalfas within the population, identification of heterotic germplasm, and the production of seed of the population hybrid (PH).
The synthetic maize population 316PO2 was subjected to genetic correlation analyses between grain yield, yield components and morphological traits. The purpose was to enable estimates to be made of the advantage of using selection indices compared with selection based on grain yield only, and if that advantage was present, to choose enough simple selection indices for practical use. Selection indices were constructed out of four traits highly significantly correlated with grain yield, in addition to yield itself.Grain yield exhibited a highly significant additive genetic correlation with ear diameter (r a =0.588**), kernels row -1 (r a =0.643**), ears plant -1 (r a =0.871**) and ear height (r a =0.427**). The most efficient index was Index No. 14 (R.E.I 12345 = 108.83%), which included all four traits and grain yield. Index No. 3, one of the simplest forms of index, including only ears plant -1 and grain yield, showed slightly less relative efficiency (R.E.I 35 =107.24%) than Index No. 14. Using this simple form of index with two characters (Index No. 3) could improve the efficiency of selection for grain yield. The estimated advantage from its use is 179.6 kg/selection cycle for grain yield over selection based only on grain yield.
The interpretation of new varieties performance is disturbed under the influence of genotype-by-environment interaction. Among several methods used for understanding this effect, one of the most frequently used methods is Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis. In this study we used AMMI method with the aim to estimate the genotype - environment interaction of 14 barley genotypes, and to identify barley genotypes that have high and stable performance in different environments. The trials were conducted during 11 growing seasons (1995/96 - 2005/06), arranged in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications in location Rimski Sancevi. The results showed that the influence of environment (seasons), genotypes and their interaction on barley grain yield were significant (p < 0.01). Based on AMMI method, two-rowed variety Novosadski 317 and the six-rowed variety Novosadski 331 can be distinguished due their high and stable yields. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31066]
the geographical origin could not explain the grouping of genotypes within the same, so the division into two groups was done on the basis of their lines of descent.
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