This study examines changes in alcohol consumption and its adverse effects in Poland from 1950 to 2005. First, we estimate the total alcohol demand function and test Becker and Murphy's (1988) rational addiction model. Next, we explore substitution effects between beer, wine, and spirits and report income and own-and cross-price elasticities of demand for beer, wine, and spirits. Finally, we examine some adverse effects of alcohol consumption: traffic accidents, suicide rates, and vandalism rates. In particular, the effect of lowering the blood alcohol level limit (BAC) on traffic accidents is estimated.
Wybrane aspekty społeczno--ekonomicznych skutków uzależnienia od hazardu StreszczenieCelem przeprowadzonych badań jest ocena wielkości skutków uzależnień od hazardu na podstawie badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród pacjentów ośrodków leczenia uzależnienia od hazardu. Badania ankietowe zostały przeprowadzone w okresie marzec-wrzesień 2013 r. Wyniki badania wskazują, że w Polsce, podobnie jak w innych krajach, uzależnienie od hazardu powoduje wiele negatywnych konsekwencji zdrowotnych, społecznych i ekonomicznych dla osób dotkniętych tym uzależnieniem oraz dla ich rodzin, a skutki niematerialne i koszty spowodowane uzależnieniem od hazardu są znaczne.Słowa kluczowe: hazard, koszty finansowe, koszty społeczne, podejście indywidualne.
The goal of the presented research was to test the spatial autocorrelation of the life expectancy and the age-standardized mortality rates for selected causes of death in Poland according to gender in 2010. It was assumed that in the above mentioned cases the positive spatial autocorrelation in populations of men and women appears, and the spatial diversity of mortality depends on the standard of living of the population in question and on the level of industrialization of the region and its consequences. It has been stated that most of the considered coefficients show positive spatial autocorrelation, but differences between populations of men and women were observed. Agricultural capacity of the voivodeship shows positive effect on life expectancy and the level of some of the mortality rates of both genders.
The study presents proposed methods of estimation for mortality rates of illegal drug users and nonusers and their application in estimation of the life expectancy and the life potential loss of the users in Poland. Mortality rates for male users were in Poland in 2013, as an average, 4 times higher for male illegal drug users than for nonusers, and 7 times as high for females. For male illegal drug users, the loss of more than 12 years of life can be expected, whereas for females the figure stands at about 8 years. Similar losses of life potential of the users can be expected. The applied methods can be particularly useful in estimation of the social costs of illegal drug use. The results strongly underline the negative effect of the drug use which may have a preventive effect.
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