Seven crude oils from four oil fields in the Basins Sirte and Murzuq in Libya were investigated in order to estimate their organic geochemical homogeneity. Saturated biomarkers (n-alkanes and isoprenoids) were analyzed using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Parameters calculated from the distributions of n-alkanes and isoprenoid aliphatic alkanes, pristane and phytane were used to interpret the organic geochemical characteristics of the oils. Based on the high relative concentration of lower n-alkane homologues in the C11 - C16 range and high API values the oils were classified as light oils. These results also implied that the oils were not biodegraded. The parameters calculated from the distributions of saturated biomarkers indicated that all investigated oils were generated from the source rocks containing organic matter of a similar marine origin but with contribution of the terrestrial organic matter. The results also demonstrated that these source rocks were deposited in an oxic environment. The same source rock or the same type of the source rocks for all seven samples were postulated. It was concluded that, if the crude oils from these distant basins originated from the same source rocks, they must had had different lengths of their migration pathways. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200026 and Grant no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200168]
In order to reflect possible issues in future sole e-waste processing, an electrolyte of complex chemical composition reflecting system of sole e-waste processing was obtained by following a specially designed pyro-electrometallurgical method. The obtained non-standard electrolyte was further used for the purpose of comprehensive metal interference evaluation on the copper solvent extraction (SX) process. Optimization of the process included a variation of several process parameters, allowing determination of the effect of the most abundant and potentially the most influential impurities (Ni, Sn, Fe, and Zn) and 14 other trace elements. Moreover, comparing three commercial extractants of different active chelating groups, it was determined that branched aldoxime reagent is favorable for Cu extraction from the chemically complex system, as can be expected in future e-waste recycling. The results of this study showed that, under optimal conditions of 20 vol.% extractant concentration, feed pH 1.5, O/A ratio 3, and 10-min phase contact time, 88.1% of one stage Cu extraction was achieved. Co-extraction of the Fe, Zn, Ni, and Sn was under 8%, while Pb and trace elements were negligible. Optimal conditions (H2SO4 180 g/L, O/A = 2, and contact time 5 min) enabled 95.3% Cu stripping and under 6% of the most influential impurities. In addition, an impurity monitoring and distribution methodology enabled a better understanding and design of the process for the more efficient valorization of metals from e-waste.
The rare earth elements represent an increasingly more important industrial resource. The increased use may result in waste generation, and their impact upon the environment quality has not been studied sufficiently. Their interaction with soil has been studied in this paper. Freundlich adsorption isotherm has been determined for lanthanum, erbium and gadolinium at three different soil types (humus, clay and sand type), whereas sequential extraction at these soil types has been applied for lanthanum and neodymium. The interaction of certain rare earth elements with soil components has been tested as well as the quantity in which these elements are bound to soil and later on extracted in solutions. The objective was to determine the soil capacity for disposal, first of all, of the electronic waste that contains these elements and to assume their fate in the environment.
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