Background: As both L- and D-BAIBA are increased with exercise, we sought to determine if circulating levels would be associated with physical performance. Method: Serum levels of L- and D-BAIBA were quantified in 120 individuals (50% female) aged 20-85 years and categorized as either a “low” (LP), “average“(AP) or “high“ performer (HP). Association analysis was performed using Spearman (S) and Pearson (P) rank correlation. Results: Using the Spearman (S) rank correlation, L-BAIBA positively associated with BMI (0.23) and total fat mass (0.19) in the 120 participants, with total fat mass in the 60 males (0.26) but with both BMI (0.26) and BMD (0.28) in the 60 females. In the HP females, L-BAIBA positively associated with BMD (0.50) and lean mass (0.47). Using the Pearson (P) rank correlation D-BAIBA was positively associated with age (0.20) in the 120 participants and in the LP females (0.49). D-BAIBA associated with gait speed (S 0.20) in the 120 participants. In HP males, this enantiomer had a negative association with appendicular lean/height (S -0.52) and in the AP males with BMD (S -0.47). No associations were observed in HP or AP females, whereas, in LP females, in addition to a positive association with age, a positive association was observed with grip strength (S 0.45), but a negative with BMD (P -0.52, S -0.63) and chair stands (P -0.47, S -0.51). Conclusions: L-BAIBA may play a role in BMI and BMD in females, not males, whereas D-BAIBA may be a marker for aging.
Background: Physical activity maintains musculoskeletal and general overall health. Declining physical performance is the most obvious indicator of declining health with aging. Early identification of declining physical performance using biomarkers would be useful in predicting treatment outcomes and identifying potential therapeutics. Method: As γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a muscle autocrine factor, can function as muscle relaxant and L-α-aminobutyric acid (L-AABA), is a biomarker for malnutrition, and depression, we sought to determine if they may also be useful for monitoring physical performance during aging. Serum levels were quantified in 120 individuals divided by age, gender, and physical capacity into low (LP), average (AP), and high (HP) performers and correlated with physical parameters and performance. Results: Both GABA and the ratio of GABA/AABA (G/A), but not AABA, were highly positively associated with age (Pearson correlations r=0.35, p=0.0001 for GABA, and r=0.31, p=0.0007 for G/A, n=120). GABA showed negative associations in the whole cohort with physical performance (fast gait speed, 6 minute walking test (6MWT), PROMIS score, and SF36 PFS raw score) and with subtotal and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD). L-AABA was positively associated with usual gait speed, 6MWT, total SPPB score, and SF36 PFS raw score in total 120 human subjects, also with 6MWT and SF36 PFS raw score in the 60 male subjects, but no associations were observed in the 60 females. As both GABA and L-AABA appear to be indicative of physical performance, but in opposite directions, we examined the G/A ratio. Unlike GABA, the G/A ratio showed a more distinct association with mobility tests such as total SPPB score, usual and fast gait speed, 6MWT, and SF36 PFS raw score in the males, regardless of age and metabolic status. Serum G/A ratio could be potentially linked to physical performance in the male population. Conclusions: All these findings strongly suggest that GABA, L-AABA, and the G/A ratio in human serum may be useful markers to link with age and physical function. Taking these aminobutyric acids into consideration may significantly enhance the goal of identifying universal biomarkers to accurately predict physical performance and the beneficial effects of exercise on aging.
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