With the development of energy integration technologies, the conventional scope of demand response has been extended to the integrated demand response (IDR), which imparts the flexibility to consumers' energy demand. This paper explores interaction patterns for multi-energy demand management and proposes an IDR mechanism for the industrial integrated energy system. The mechanism exploits three interaction patterns to promote the interaction between the demand and supply of multiple energy systems. The incentive payment is provided not only for curtailing interruptible electric load, but also for adjusting flexible heating and cooling loads. The coupling characteristics of industrial consumers' multi-energy demands are then modeled to reflect the mutual influence between the consumption behaviors for different energy sources. Besides, based on the coupling of CCHP (Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power) energy outputs, the demand-supply interaction model is also proposed, which could change the electric generation by affecting consumers' heating and cooling demands. The optimization model of the IDR is then established with the objective of minimizing the total dispatch cost. The simulation results show that compared with conventional DR programs, the total dispatch cost and consumers' energy procurement cost are both reduced. The CCHP could also benefit from this mechanism. Furthermore, the impact of the coupling characteristics and the incentive price on the dispatch cost is also analyzed.
This article focuses on the minimization of operational cost and optimal power dispatch associated with microgrids coupled with natural gas networks using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Introducing a natural gas turbine in a microgrid to overcome the drawbacks of renewable energy resources is a recent trend. This results in increased load and congestion in the gas network. To avoid congestion and balance the load, it is necessary to coordinate with the electric grid to plan optimal dispatch of both interactive networks. A modification is done in applying PSO to solve this coupled network problem. To study the proposed approach, a 7-node natural gas system coupled with the IEEE bus 33 test system is used. The proposed strategy provides the optimal power dispatch. Moreover, it indicates that power sharing between the main grid and microgrid is reduced in such a way that it may help the main grid to shave the load curve peaks.
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