Application of Particle Swarm Optimization to a Scheduling Strategy for Microgrids Coupled with Natural Gas Networks

Abstract

This article focuses on the minimization of operational cost and optimal power dispatch associated with microgrids coupled with natural gas networks using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Introducing a natural gas turbine in a microgrid to overcome the drawbacks of renewable energy resources is a recent trend. This results in increased load and congestion in the gas network. To avoid congestion and balance the load, it is necessary to coordinate with the electric grid to plan optimal dispatch of both interactive networks. A modification is done in applying PSO to solve this coupled network problem. To study the proposed approach, a 7-node natural gas system coupled with the IEEE bus 33 test system is used. The proposed strategy provides the optimal power dispatch. Moreover, it indicates that power sharing between the main grid and microgrid is reduced in such a way that it may help the main grid to shave the load curve peaks.

Techno-Economic Assessment of Turboexpander Application at Natural Gas Regulation Stations

“…After the statistical analysis, Equation (48) was obtained, which is dependent on the discounted payback period (DPP) and annual average natural gas flow rate through the analyzed GRS (X 1 ), average annual level of gas expansion (X 2 ), average annual natural gas purchase price (X 3 ), average annual produced electrical energy sale price (X 4 ) and CAPEX (X 5 ). The coefficient of determination R 2 for the obtained Equation (48) equals 0.768, which is much better than for the multiple linear model (44). The obtained Equation (48) allows for sufficient accuracy to validate the appropriateness of using turboexpanders on individual GRS.…”

“…A combination of several negative factors such as lowering of inlet pressure and exceeding nominal gas flow caused a reduction in electricity production. On the other hand, the increase in heat demand was due to the increase in gas flow, which needed to be heated before expansion [44].…”

“…None of the independent individual parameters X i have a linear influence on the dependent parameter Y j , as shown in Equation (44). Because the influence of most factors on DPP is nonlinear, as shown in Figure 16, the statistical model should be modified.…”

“…Because the influence of most factors on DPP is nonlinear, as shown in Figure 16, the statistical model should be modified. The previous form (44):…”

Maximizing the Economic Benefits of a Grid-Tied Microgrid Using Solar-Wind Complementarity

“…The literature addressing the economic gains of a MG that is equipped with PV units and wind turbines can be found in [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The authors in [20] attempted to minimize the operational and maintenance costs of a MG by utilizing the demand side flexibility.…”