Early detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is important to reduce mortality rates and to help provide successful cancer treatment. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is a common epigenetic mechanism that leads to gene silencing in tumors and could be a useful biomarker in OSCC. Abnormal DNA hypermethylation can occur very early in cancer development and may be induced by exposure to environmental carcinogens. We set out to investigate the methylation status of cancer-related genes in normal oral exfoliated cells from OSCC patients and healthy volunteers, as well as possible associations with alcohol/tobacco exposure or specific tumor characteristics. The methylation status of CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A or p16), SFN (stratifin or 14-3-3 σ), EDNRB (endothelin receptor B) and RUNX3 (runt-related transcript factor-3) was evaluated by MSP (Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis in non-neoplastic oral epithelial cells from OSCC patients (n = 70) and cancer-free subjects (n = 41). Hypermethylation was observed in CDKN2A, EDNRB and SFN genes, whereas no methylation was found in the RUNX3 gene. CDKN2A hypermethylation occurred only in the OSCC group (5.7%) while SFN and EDNRB hypermethylation occurred in both groups. There was no association between hypermethylation and smoking, drinking habits or specific tumor characteristics.
O cálculo salivar, também conhecido como sialolitíase, é uma alteração que acomete as glândulas salivares e/ou seus ductos promovendo uma obstrução destes por meio da deposição de minerais no sistema ductal. A glândula de maior ocorrência é a submandibular, seguida pela parótida, sublingual e glândulas salivares menores. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado com auxílio de radiografias, além dos recursos semiotécnicos de palpação. A hipótese diagnóstica é confirmada após a realização da biopsia excisional com remoção do cálculo salivar. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de um paciente com 62 anos que apresentava queixa de “boca seca”. Durante o exame clínico não foram observadas alterações, entretanto, foi observado na radiografia periapical em região de molares superiores direito uma imagem radiopaca que, durante a palpação, se apresentou como um nódulo de consistência endurecido/pétrea, sugestivo de sialólito de parótida. Foi realizada biopsia excisional que confirmou a hipótese diagnóstica. O paciente foi acompanhado por um período de 6 meses sem sinais de recidiva da lesão.
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