The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid, carbohydrate and their interactions on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non‐specific immunity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The experimental fish were fed the diets with graded levels of dietary crude lipid (80, 110 and 140 g/kg diet) and dietary carbohydrate (60, 90 and 120 g/kg diet) for 7 weeks. Results showed that the specific growth rate decreased significantly as dietary carbohydrate increased, which partly resulted from the progressively reduced feed intake and protein efficiency ratio. Meanwhile, the result of postprandial glucose content confirmed glucose intolerance of the croaker. However, the specific growth rate was not significantly altered by dietary lipid, but the feed intake was remarkably reduced. The different growth performance and feed utilization of croaker in response to dietary lipid and carbohydrate resulted in the variation of body composition. In addition, the activity of lysozyme and classical complement pathway was significantly improved in croaker fed the diet with 110 g/kg lipid. In above, dietary carbohydrate and lipid of large yellow croaker should be maintained at 60 and 110 g/kg diet, respectively, based on the above indices.
Gap exists in the interface of cement asphalt emulsion mortar and CRTS I track slab universally, which is more severe at four corners than other parts of the track slab. In this work, the temperature and elevation of CRTS I slab track with and without rail were measured continuously to study the influence mechanism of rail on the gap. The results show that the alternating temperature gradient of track slab is the main reason that causes the gap, and laying rail can efficiently decrease the gap size in the slab track without rail. Compared with the slab track without rail, the maximum elevation occurred at the corner, the maximum gap width and the maximum gap depth of the slab track with rail laid were decreased by 0.45 mm (25.7%), 0.75 mm (46.6%) and 9.5 mm (59.4%), respectively; meanwhile, the disqualification ratio at corners was reduced to 5.9%, which is 50% less than that of the track without rail. When elevation mismatch occurs in adjacent track slabs, a gasket should be placed at rail-bearing bed below the track slab in order to avoid the lower slab being dragged up by the higher slab and the further occurrence of new gap.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the distribution of fine bubbles and coarse bubbles in the mortar system of cement-superfine slag powder mortar after multiple mixing of air-entraining agent and defoaming agent. The experimental study used a fresh concrete pore structure analyzer (AVA instrument) to measure the bubble size distribution and related bubble parameters of fresh mortar. The critical size of the bubbles was defined as the size that the air bubbles can maintain the volume stability over time. Based on the time-dependent change in the volume content of the larger bubbles within two hours after mixing, it was found that 500 μm was the critical dimension of bubbles. By adjusting the mortar mixing methods, a lower mortar viscosity was achieved while the total volume of fine and coarse bubbles were also reduced. In addition, when the blending ratio of defoaming agent and air-entraining agent was within the range of 0.50-0.54, the bubble structure of the cement-superfine slag powder mortar had been significantly improved, and more fine bubbles and fewer coarse bubbles had been distributed in the mortar.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.