Various types of anesthesia are being utilized to maintain physiologically secured surgical conditions. Nearly all categories of general anesthesia are characterized by various perioperative and postoperative complications. These shortcomings are important aspects that need to be considered by the anesthesiologist and surgeon before administration of these compounds. The renal effects of anesthesia play an important role in understanding possible systemic changes due to the fact that the kidney has a direct or indirect impact on nearly all the systems of the body. Various studies have been conducted to find out changes in renal parameters and its systemic effects upon administration of the anesthesia and its postoperative repercussions. Besides that, the impaired renal function might have an impact on the excretion of anesthetic metabolites, which can lead to long‐term dysfunction. Patients with a previous history of disease ought to be brought under consideration because these chemicals can ameliorate pre‐existent symptoms. This review is intended to discuss the early and latest studies based on the effects of general anesthesia on the renal system.

Kidney pain is one of the clinically significant features of renal dysfunction. Mild to severe pain is seen in the lower back area. Painkillers are mostly recommended in these cases to relieve the symptom. Yet, several analgesics are associated with side effects that can worsen the state of the disease. This review is based on the studies conducted in these aspects analgesics used to treat kidney pain and their effectiveness, renal consequences of postoperative analgesia, and pharmacogenetics of these palliatives are briefly summarized in this paper.