2019
DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28506
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Renal impairment and analgesia: From effectiveness to adverse effects

Abstract: Kidney pain is one of the clinically significant features of renal dysfunction. Mild to severe pain is seen in the lower back area. Painkillers are mostly recommended in these cases to relieve the symptom. Yet, several analgesics are associated with side effects that can worsen the state of the disease. This review is based on the studies conducted in these aspects analgesics used to treat kidney pain and their effectiveness, renal consequences of postoperative analgesia, and pharmacogenetics of these palliati… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(5 citation statements)
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References 92 publications
(93 reference statements)
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“…45 Phenotype I is characterized by highest levels of fasting insulin, hypervolemic ovaries with greatest prevalence of cysts whereas, IV exhibits highest levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). 46,47 Bil et al 48 showed in a study that phenotype I and II are at the greater risk to develop metabolic syndrome as compared with the other phenotypes, owing to the visceral adiposity index. Obesity in PCOS women is evident due to hyperandrogensim.…”
Section: Cardiovascular Diseases Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…45 Phenotype I is characterized by highest levels of fasting insulin, hypervolemic ovaries with greatest prevalence of cysts whereas, IV exhibits highest levels of luteinizing hormone (LH). 46,47 Bil et al 48 showed in a study that phenotype I and II are at the greater risk to develop metabolic syndrome as compared with the other phenotypes, owing to the visceral adiposity index. Obesity in PCOS women is evident due to hyperandrogensim.…”
Section: Cardiovascular Diseases Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous studies have shown that adrenal insufficiency and high levels of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone cause shock and increased mortality in patients, and therefore adrenal insufficiency in patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) following cardiac arrest will cause poor outcomes [ 9 , 10 ]. Treatment of adrenal insufficiency with corticosteroids, can reduce mortality and dysfunction of vital organs and improves neurological complications [ [11] , [12] , [13] ]. In cardiac arrest, cortisol levels decrease during and after resuscitation, and studies have shown that ROSC and the prognosis of patients improves with combinational use of steroid and epinephrine in CPR [ 14 , 15 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Injury of parathyroid gland or devascularization is known etiology of hypocalcemia after the procedure [ 8 , 9 ]. Persistent hypothyroidism after the surgery is associated with decrease in calcium levels [ 10 ]. Hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular and psychological dysfunction [ 11 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%