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Road safety is the main problem in developing countries. Every year, millions of people die in road traffic accidents, resulting in huge losses of humankind and the economy. This study focuses on the road traffic accident analysis and identification of black spots on the Lahore-Islamabad Highway M-2. Official data of road traffic accidents were collected from National Highway and Highway Police (NH & MP) Pakistan. The data was digitized on MS Excel and Origin Pro. The accident Point weightage (APW) method was employed to identify the black spots and rank of the top ten black spots. The analysis shows that the trend of road traffic accidents on M-2 was characterized by a high rate of fatal accidents of 35.3%. Human errors account for 66.8% as the major contributing factors in road traffic accidents, while vehicle errors (25.6%) and environmental factors (7.6%) were secondary and tertiary contributing factors. The main causes of road traffic accidents were the dozing on the wheel (27.9%), the careless driving (24.6%), tyre burst (11.7%), and the brakes failure (7.4%). Kallar Kahar (Salt Range) was identified as a black spot (223 km, 224 km, 225 km, 229 km, and 234 km) due to vehicle brake failure. The human error was a major contributory factor in road traffic accidents, therefore public awareness campaign on road safety is inevitable and use of the dozen alarm to overcome dozing on the wheel. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091629 Full Text: PDF

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Increased urbanization implicated in the form of increased vehicles on roads which burdened limited resources and caused environmental deterioration. To reduce these effects, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was considered the right solution, requiring minimal infrastructure, as compared to other mass transit options, yet demanding great expertise. This research analyses BRT systems in four cities of Pakistan and the performance evaluation of BRT standards is conducted by developing a statistical model to evaluate predictive BRT standard, which results in identifying the parameters used to improve the performance of the BRT, thus resulting in improved BRT Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) standard. As per ITDP, Peshawar BRT was ranked as Gold, whereas Lahore BRT, Rawalpindi/Islamabad BRT and Multan BRT were ranked as Silver. Research describes that ITDP rating can be significantly enhanced if worked in the right direction, taking into account the standards; Peshawar BRT is an example to follow for existing and future BRT in Pakistan. If fully integrated networks of routes and corridors for Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad and Multan BRT have been developed, the model predicts the enhancement of ratings. This paper will assist transport policy makers to strategize in accordance with ITDP standard developed to evaluate and improve the quality of BRT.

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