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Remittances inflow plays a significant role in promoting the economic welfare of a country; it has a multidimensional effect on the economy and links with the carbon emissions. This study examines the possible asymmetric transmissions from remittances to carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) in China using time series data from 1980 to 2014. The Non-linear NARDL method is employed to check the longrun asymmetric relationship between remittances inflow and carbon emissions. The findings show that a positive shock in remittances causes an increase in CO2 emissions, while a negative shock in remittances causes a decrease in CO2 emissions. The results support the existence of an asymmetric cointegrating relationship between remittances and CO2 emissions in both short run and the long run. The NARDL dynamic multiplier graph assumes that positive remittances shocks are highe compared to the negative remittances shocks. It suggests that policymakers in China should consider remittances as a policy instrument especially designing strategies and policies related to sustainable environmental quality in the long run.

This study investigates the association between remittances, FDI, energy use, and CO2 emissions for a sample of the top six Asian nations receiving remittances, namely, China, India, the Philippines, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, during the 1982–2014 period. The results of employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)-bound technique signify that there is a stable long-run association among the stated variables. The empirical findings indicate that CO2 increases significantly with a rise in energy use in all sample nations in both the long and short-runs. Conversely, the association between CO2 emissions and remittances is found to be significantly positive for Sri Lanka, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Bangladesh in the long-run, positive for Pakistan, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka only in the short-term, and non-significant for India and China in both the long and short-runs. Furthermore, the empirical results illustrate that the inflow of FDI significantly increases CO2 emissions in the cases of China, Sri Lanka, and India in both the long and short-runs. While FDI inflow has no significant effect on CO2 emissions for the Philippines and Pakistan, it has a significant negative effect for Bangladesh in both the long and short-runs. Thus, the connection between remittances, FDI, and CO2 emissions varies significantly across the countries considered in our study.

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