E-mail marketing offers great opportunities for businesses. Marketing activities supported by e-mails allow companies to directly communicate with their consumers without time or location barriers. The topic of advertising via e-mails is of major interest. It addresses consumers with individualized advertising messages via e-mails. This paper discusses its relevance and investigates antecedents of consumer attitudes toward advertising via e-mails. The analysis is based on a consumer survey. For this purpose, a quota sample of 800 Internet users in India has been interviewed. The results indicate that the content and the frequency of advertising message have the largest impact on attitude toward advertising via e-mails. By understanding consumers, attitude toward advertising, designers and marketers can better strategize their advertising designs. A better understanding of interactivity can also help to improve the effectiveness of interactive media such as the Internet. A methodology for studying the factors that contribute to consumers ' perceptions of ads is proposed, and implications for Internet-based advertising are discussed.

Advertisement through SMS is a commonly used medium in the era of technology. Companies are utilizing this medium of advertisement quite frequently. Rapid increase of the usage of mobile phones has developed an innovative way of utilizing this marketing tool. Due to the exponential growth in telecommunication industry after introduction of SMS and MMS, this study has been conducted to investigate the consumer attitude towards SMS advertisement and its relationship with behavior. Entertainment, irritation, product involvement and appeal were used in order to investigate the attitude of the consumer. A questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among variables of the study. Overall 350 usable responses were gathered. SEM was used to obtain the results of the overall model. Results of the study indicate that (1) product involvement, appeal and entertainment have a positive impact on attitude towards advertisement. Only irritation was found to be negatively insignificant. (2) Relationship between consumer attitude towards SMS advertising and attitude was positively significant. (3) Positive and direct relationship between attitude and consumer behavior was also found. (4) Permission appeared to be significant on consumer attitude towards mobile advertisement, which confirmed that prior permission is required to gain the positive response of the consumer. (5) Consumers are attracted by rewards therefore monetary benefits was also found to be a significant factor.

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Affiliate marketing has seen fewer studies even being a multibillion dollar industry and one of the most expanding online advertising lead generators for direct marketers. The aim of this survey described in this paper is to evaluate the attitude of respondents towards affiliate programs or affiliate marketing, used as a source of information, advertisement and a connecting link between the online marketer and the customer. In this regard a survey was conducted among 300 Indian internet users to know their attitude towards affiliate programs and the various factors that affect the effectiveness of these programs. The findings of this survey demonstrate a positive view of affiliate marketing. This research also found that the stronger predictor of the consumer attitude of affiliate marketing is the usefulness, informativeness, incentive and perceived trust. In short the future of affiliate marketing is to a greater extent affected by the consumer's perception of affiliate program usefulness and control over it. This study recommends a need for direct marketers to develop more innovative affiliate links that will elicit a more positive response from the consumers.

The most recent innovation to make FinTech more generally accessible and reasonably priced with the primary objective of financial inclusion is Mobile Money (MoMo). This study examines the role of mobile money in arousing entrepreneurial intention among women belonging to northern India, in addition to studying the mediating role of financial inclusion between mobile money and women entrepreneurial intention. The current study addresses Fin Tech (Mobile Money), financial inclusion and women entrepreneurial intention. To undertake the study, we considered 399 respondents and performed structural equation modelling analysis. The outcomes support mobile money as a proxy for FinTech adoption exerts a positive influence on women entrepreneurial intention. Besides, the results indicate that MoMo positively influences financial inclusion. The results also showed a favourable relationship between financial inclusion and women entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the estimated model supported the hypothesis, financial inclusion mediates the MoMo and women entrepreneurial intention link.

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A mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes without any fixed structure and connected with each other through wireless links. MANETs have self-organized topology in which mobile nodes are free to move, as a result establishing a stable and reliable network is a difficult and critical task. Nodes in Nobile Ad-hoc network acts as sender, receiver and router for communicating data and control packets. Using NS-2 simulator Performance of AODV, DSDV and DSR is analyzed under varying pause time in this paper. Performance of these routing protocols are analyzed on the base of following performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, throughput, no of sent packets, no of receive packets, no of routing packets, normalized routing load and no of dropped packets under variant Pause time. Results of Comparison analysis of Routing Protocols are generated with the help of Simulation in the form of graphs. The simulation result shows the significance of each protocol in different situations. We believe that this study will provide comprehensive comparative study of AODV, DSR and DSDV based on varying pause time at one place, which will help the researcher to further investigate any particular metrics value of particular protocol.

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