Background: Drought stress can severely affect plant growth and crop yield. The cloning and identification of drought-inducible promoters would be of value for genetically-based strategies to improve resistance of crops to drought. Results: Previous studies showed that the MaPIP1;1 gene encoding an aquaporin is involved in the plant drought stress response. In this study, the promoter pMaPIP1;1, which lies 1362 bp upstream of the MaPIP1;1 transcriptional initiation site, was isolated from the banana genome..And the transcription start site(A) is 47 bp before the ATG. To functionally validate the promoter, various lengths of pMaPIP1;1 were deleted and fused to GUS to generate pMaPIP1;1::GUS fusion constructs that were then transformed into Arabidopsis to generate four transformants termed M-P1, M-P2, M-P3 and M-P4.Mannitol treatment was used to simulate drought conditions. All four transformants reacted well to mannitol treatment. M-P2 (− 1274 bp to − 1) showed the highest transcriptional activity among all transgenic Arabidopsis tissues, indicating that M-P2 was the core region of pMaPIP1;1. This region of the promoter also confers high levels of gene expression in response to mannitol treatment. Using M-P2 as a yeast one-hybrid bait, 23 different transcription factors or genes that interacted with MaPIP1;1 were screened. In an dual luciferase assay for complementarity verification, the transcription factor MADS3 positively regulated MaPIP1;1 transcription when combined with the banana promoter. qRT-PCR showed that MADS3 expression was similar in banana leaves and roots under drought stress. In banana plants grown in 45% soil moisture to mimic drought stress, MaPIP1;1 expression was maximized, which further demonstrated that the MADS3 transcription factor can synergize with MaPIP1;1.
Fruit ripening involves many biochemical processes, mainly including aroma, sugar production, fruit softening and so on, which is closely related to a series of metabolic pathways in the process of fruit ripening. Therefore, it is of great significance for fruit quality improvement to study and understand the genetic mechanism of fruit ripening and quality regulation. Combined with the genetic studies of fruit ripening and quality improvement in recent years, this study summarized metabolic pathways in genetic analysis of fruit ripening, genetic law of fruit quality improvement, and quality QTL, aiming to provide technical reference for quality breeding of fruit plants.
A patient-specific anatomical structure model has been widely used in many medical applications.However, in practical applications, to effectively construct a patient-specific anatomical structure model is a challenge, the reasons are: (1) the manual marking process for landmark points is time-consuming and is prone to have false points; (2) the correspondence establishment is difficult; (3) the performance of the model is limited.Therefore, the purpose of this study is to automatically construct a patient-specific anatomical structure model to solve these difficulties. Firstly, the input data are preprocessed to enhance the region of interest in CT scan images.Then, the region of interest is regarded as a training specimen, and the triangle is used to mesh the training specimen.Meanwhile, vertices contraction strategy is introduced to iteratively contract triangle meshes, and the correspondences are established through improved B-spline free-form deformation. Finally, principal component analysis is used to generate the final patient-specific anatomical structure model. Experimental results on 30 pelvic CT scan images verify that the proposed method outperforms the compared methods.
INDEX TERMSmedical image processing, shape analysis, statistical shape model, vertices contraction, B-spline free-form deformation I. INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUNDS The construction of patient-specific anatomical structure model [1] from shape population based on statistical shape [2] has been widely used in medical image processing fields, such as computer-aided diagnosis [3], modeling of keen biomechanics [4], facial defects reconstruction [5], surgical planning and navigation [6-8]. An anatomical structure model effectively visualizes and provides on-demand
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