Temporal information is critical for routing computation in the vehicular network. It plays a vital role in the vehicular network. Till now, most existing routing schemes in vehicular networks consider the networks as a sequence of static graphs. We need to find an appropriate method to process temporal information into routing computation. Thus, in this paper, we propose a routing algorithm based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and temporal graph, namely, Prediction-Based Temporal Graph Routing Algorithm (PT-GROUT). This new algorithm considers the vehicular network as a temporal graph, in which each data transmission as an edge has its specific temporal information. To better capture the temporal information, we select Software-Defined Vehicular Network (SDVN) as our network architecture, which is a preferred architecture for processing the temporal graph regarding the vehicular network since all vehicle statuses can be easily managed. To compute the future routing path accurately and efficiently, the future temporal graph is predicted by applying HMM, in which we model the current vehicular network with dynamic programming and greedy strategies. With the temporal information and reasonable setting of HMM, PT-GROUT can better evaluate the vehicular network and discover the evolution of the internal structure of the network. The optimal routing path can be achieved more efficiently. The simulation results demonstrate that PT-GROUT can substantially improve the computation efficiency and reduce packet loss and delivery delay compared with its counterparts.
We successfully realized 14 inch flexible LCD display with FHD resolution. The LCD panel has the thickness less than 0.3 mm, which using new type of colorless PI as substrate. The flexibel LCD is IPS mode. The key technology includes the conbination of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT , Color filter on Array substrate(COA)and Black Photo Spacer(BPS).
Most recent studies on Software Defined Vehicular Networking (SDVN) consider the vehicular network as a static graph and compute the flow table based on the static information. However, a static graph could only contain partial network data. Computation based on the static graph could be inefficient by missing the important temporal information since vehicular networks are temporal graphs in fact. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel routing algorithm based on the Markov model and temporal graph. Unlike conventional routing algorithms, the proposed algorithm adopts the concept of a temporal graph where every edge has its specific temporal information. We apply the Markov model to predict the future routing of the network and use prediction data to get the optimal routing. This is achieved by running the temporal graph optimal path algorithm. The algorithm runs on the temporal graph constructed for SDVNs without generating additional routing overhead. In addition, based on the information of the vehicular network which is collected from the data plane, the controller can enhance the Markov model as time flows. By applying the above mechanisms, the flow table (route) could be calculated more precisely to enable efficient vehicular communication. The simulation experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over its counterparts in high-density vehicular networks.
A series of gas barrier films on colorless polyimide substrates are studied at G4.5 backplane. The performances of barrier layer and TFT are identified by the film-forming temperature, film structure, -SiOx (100nm-500nm) barrier layer on cPI are calculated to be 8.5×10 −5 g/(m²-day) at 37.8℃/100% RH, the NBTIS are improved after LLO and are deterioration after WVTR test. It is believed that the moisture and hydrogen
reliabilities, NBTIS and WVTR. The use of a SiNx-SiOx (100nm-500nm) at PECVD temperature 285/295℃ resulted in the best light transmittance and reliabilities, and the electrical properties of a-IGZO TFTs on glass is better than on cPI. The WVTR value of the SiNx
diffusion from the underlying layers including cPI and environment atmosphere can be effectively suppressed by SiNx-SiOx (100nm-500nm) barrier, and a flexible array backplane is demonstrated by means of these methods.
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