Passenger flow recognition is the basis of railway passenger terminal station and railway operation department for daily management, it has an important significance for the adjustment of the operation plan, the choice of the passenger travel mode, the estimation of the travel time and so on. It is especially important for the optimization of the operating plan for the railway route under the railway transportation mode. Therefore, considering the instability and complexity of passenger flow change in the railway passenger terminal station, this paper combines the cost theory(CT) and automatic frequency control(AFC) into the passenger flow prediction. Firstly, in order to obtain the volume of passenger loss due to the detained passenger flow reaching the threshold value, the angle cost formed by the railway travel of the passengers is analyzed. On this basis, an angle cost model is constructed to calculate the passenger loss rate. Then, with the volume of passenger lost calculated, combined with the passenger flow data obtained by the AFC, a passenger flow recognition algorithm for the railway passenger terminal station based on the dynamic video technology is put forward. Subsequently, the passenger flow recognition law between the flow of passenger waiting at the station and the actual passengers carried by the train that has passed by is analyzed, and the passenger flow impact dynamic exchange model is put forward. In addition, the algorithm for solving the model is analyzed and studied. Finally, a railway line is taken as an example for case study. The recognition results can provide a theoretical and methodological support for the optimization of the railway passenger transportation operating plan and serve as a reference for the temporary adjustment of the operational planning, the passenger flow recognition, the supplementation of the guidance model and so on.
A discontinuous fiber-reinforced polymer composite (DFRPC) provides superior mechanical performances in material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) parts, and thus promotes their implementations in engineering applications. However, the process-induced structural defects of DFRPCs increase the probability of pre-mature failures as the manufactured parts experience complicated external loads. In light of this, the meso-structures of the MEAM parts have been discussed previously, while systematic analyses reviewing the studies of the micro-structural formations of the composites are limited. This paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art in exploring the correlations between the MEAM processes and the associated micro-structures of the produced composites. Experimental studies and numerical analyses including fiber orientation, fiber attrition, and micro-voids are collected and discussed. Based on the review and parametric study results, it is considered that the theories and numerical characterizations on fiber length attrition and micro-porosities within the MEAM-produced composites are in high demand, which is a potential topic for further explorations.
In recent years, although rail transport has contributed significantly to the productivity of the Chinese economy, it has also been faced with the fierce competition and challenge from other modes of transportation, and therefore, freight-pricing issue has received more attention by researchers. In this paper, the rail freight option (RFO) based on option theory is proposed to study the optimal pricing decision of the railway transportation enterprise and contract customers’ optimal purchase decisions. To obtain an effective RFO contract, the railway freight contract transaction process is first analyzed. Then, the theoretical framework for the RFO contract trading is put forward in the railway freight market. Next, a two-stage Stackelberg game theoretic approach is presented based on the principle of utility maximization to achieve the optimal decision of RFO contract. Subsequently, the reverse reasoning method in dynamic programming is used to solve the optimal combination decision of the contract customer. Finally, the optimal pricing decision of RFO is discussed using Kuhn–Tucker conditions and Lagrangian function. The result shows that the railway transportation enterprise should pay more attention to the option strike price w1 in terms of maximizing system utility and achieving Pareto optimal.
Urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is key to the rise of central China, and an important engine for the high-quality development of the Yangtze River economic belt. Research on urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River focuses mainly on economic development, ecological environment, and innovation. Few studies focus on evaluation combining development levels. This study uses the entropy weight TOPSIS method to build an urban high-quality development level indicator system with “innovation, coordination, greenness, openness, and sharing” as the indicators, comprehensively measuring the high-quality development level of 31 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 2010 to 2019 and analyzing the evolution of spatial distribution and autocorrelation. The results show that the high-quality development level of the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River varies greatly, and fluctuations are significant. The spatial distribution also shows an evolution from belt-shaped agglomeration to point-shaped diffusion distribution, and the spatial autocorrelation shows a negative correlation. Finally, this paper proposes suggestions to promote high-quality development from three aspects: system coordination, industry coordination, and sustainability.
The harmonious development of human settlement environments (HSEs) and resident demands (RD) contributes to the sustainable development of areas. However, few studies have focused on development-level evaluations and analyses of coupling coordination between the two. This study used a comprehensive evaluation index model and a coupling coordination degree model to measure the development level, coupling coordination degrees, and spatial characteristics of HSE and RD in 31 regions of China. The results display the following: (1) The developing degree of HSE and RD continued to improve, with spatial heterogeneity, whereas the development level of RD and the regional economy was positively correlated; (2) the degree of coupling between the two was relatively high, with high-level coupling areas accounting for 77%, and the coupling coordination level included a medium level and primary levels; (3) in the coupling and coordination relationship between subsystems, living needs > security requirements > respected needs > social needs > self-realization needs, and environmental safety > ecological environment. This study offered a new research perspective for the sustainable development of areas and put forward suggestions for promoting development.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.