Fe/N/S-doped porous carbon nanotubes with efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity were prepared by making full use of the multifunctional roles of FeCl3.

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Batteries with fast charging capability are urgently needed to meet the rapidly increasing demand for energy storage devices.

The construction of China's smart grid mainly focuses on the development of the ultra-high voltage line, which benefits the inter-regional energy transmission. The inter-regional energy exchange can promote the development of the energy industry in West China where there is an economic backwardness; at the same time it can reduce the pressure of energy supply and environment protection in East China with a well-developed economy. To study the impacts of clean energy and carbon emission mechanisms on the inter-regional energy exchange, two optimization models are first developed with the objectives of minimizing the generation cost and the carbon emission cost, respectively. Then an integrated optimization model is established through incorporating the aforementioned two models within a general framework, with the objective of minimizing the overall cost. The results indicate that the economic efficiency of the clean energy would be higher than that of the conventional energy in the regional energy exchange. Moreover, there would be a difference in the energy exchange's sensitivity to the carbon price gap of the inter-regional energy exchange; setting different carbon prices would effectively guide the inter-regional energy exchange.

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The bulk polymerization of propylene in liquid monomers with Ziegler-Natta catalyst at 95 C is studied, using alkyl aluminum as the cocatalyst and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane as the external donor. The highest catalyst activity is shown at the cocatalyst/Ti molar ratio of 300, which keeps relatively constant with the molar ratio increasing from 300 to 800. Besides, the catalyst activity is up to 65 kgPP/(gCat*h) in the range of cocatalyst/donor molar ratio from 12 to 16. The polymerization reaction rate curves with and without catalyst precontacting are similar, while the activity with catalyst precontacting are higher than that without precontacting. Furthermore, the kinetics of polymerization with and without prepolymerization are investigated in the range of the polymerization temperature from 70 to 95 C. It shows that at the high temperature, the polymerization rate increases with prepolymerization. Finally, the influence of prepolymerization at 95 C on the polymerization kinetics and particle properties is also described.