Biguanides, used for anti-diabetic drugs, bring more attention in cancer research for their beneficial effects. Phenformin is more potent than metformin. However its potential application as a anti-cancer regent is far behind metformin. In order to investigate any beneficial effect of combination of Phenformin and radiotherapy, non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 and H1299 were exposure under different dose of ionizing radiation with or without Phenformin. Results indicated Phenformin showed synergistic effect and could induce more cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth compared with ionizing radiation alone. Furthermore, this synergistic effect may be through different pathway according to cancer cell genotype background. Our results showed Phenformin induced AMPK activation in A549 but not H1299. However, Phenformin activated eIF2α in both cell lines. Our findings implicated Phenformin may be used as radiosensitizer for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.
The polarization and incident angle of the incident plane wave influence the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE). By calculating the attenuated field of an infinite metal plate immediately from Maxwell's Equations or using the model of transmission line, EMSE versus the incident angle for different polarizations can be plotted. EMSE increases as the incident angle getting larger for perpendicular polarized incident wave and it decreases with the incident angle for parallel polarized incident wave. For frequently used shielding materials, the deviation between normal incidence and different polarized incident wave is approximately a constant for a given incident angle in the range of a widen frequency spectrum (1 Hz�1 GHz).
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