A Bias Controllable Birefringence Modulation Measurement System for Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field

Shi, Yuewu; Wang, Wei; Zhu, Zhizhen; Yang, Jing; Nie, Xin; Cheng, Ya

doi:10.1109/tim.2020.3037307

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…To ensure the radiation field's symmetry around the simulator's circular direction, the number of wire-mesh antenna cables was determined to be 24 to 48 [21]. To meet the measurement requirements, a series of self-developed pulse-electric field measurement systems were used with a bandwidth of 10 kHz to 500 MHz, measuring range of 100 V/m to 1000 V/m, and a background noise of less than 20 mV [22][23][24].…”

Section: Experiments and Characteristics Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Research of a Medium Vertical Dipole Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

et al. 2023

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In this paper, the design of a self-developed EMP simulator with a 5 m height and an inverted conducting mono-cone antenna with a cone half-angle of 32° is introduced. The experimental region of the simulator is a circular area of 25 m in diameter around the cone vertex. Two feeding modes, feed-in over the ground and feed-in under the ground, are realized by two different high-voltage pulse sources. It can be concluded through radiation field testing that the radiation field waveform generated by the simulator has a rise time of 2–3 ns and a half-width of about 25 ns, meeting the specifications of the EMP experimental waveform in the IEC61000-2-9 standard. Meanwhile, the differences between the engineering implementation of the simulator and its ideal structure during the design process can lead to some distortion issues in the antenna radiation characteristics and the electromagnetic radiation field it generates. The radiation field waveform and the distribution of the EMP field generated by the simulator under different feeding methods, antenna wire quantities, antenna end processing methods, and different antenna resistive loading were studied, and the changes in the radiation field waveform and field distribution with different angles and distances of the monitoring point were analyzed. Based on the measurement results, the radiation characteristics of the antenna and the factors that affect the waveform of the field were studied and analyzed. Through the aforementioned work, a comprehensive understanding of the performance, radiation characteristics, and engineering factors affecting the electromagnetic environment generated by the simulator has been obtained. On this basis, the parameters of the antenna wire quantity, antenna end processing method, and test point position of the designed simulator were reconfirmed and optimized. In summary, this work has important reference significance for mastering the development technology of such simulators, understanding their antenna radiation characteristics, and conducting EMP-related assessments and effect experiments in the future.

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Section: Experiments and Characteristics Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Research of a Medium Vertical Dipole Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

et al. 2023

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“…power line [5], AC and DC electric field [6] and intense electromagnetic pulse measurement [7], [8], [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical electric field sensors: humidity stability mechanisms and packaging scheme

Ma,

Zhuang,

Wang

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Integrated optical electric field sensors (IOES) play a crucial role in electric field measurement. This paper introduces the principles of the IOES and quantitatively evaluates the impact of humidity on measurement accuracy. Sensors with different levels of hydrophobicity coatings and hygroscopicity shells are fabricated and tested across the relative humidity (RH) range of 25% to 95%. Results reveal that humidity stability is primarily influenced by water vapor absorption through the sensor shell, which increases its conductivity. This further results in amplitude deviation and phase shift of the sensor output. To address this, an optimal humidity-stable packaging scheme is proposed, which involves using PEEK shell with room temperature vulcanized fluorinated silicone rubber coating. Compared with uncoated ceramic shell, the phase shift of the IOES reduces from 90$^\circ$ to 1$^\circ$ under a RH of 90%. The amplitude deviation of electric field measurement decreases from 20% to nearly zero after a 20-hour humidity experiment conducted under RH of 90\% at 30 $^\circ$C. The proposed packaging scheme could be used to improve the humidity stability of the sensors deployed in outdoor environments, especially on ships and coastal areas.

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“…The measurement of voltage or electric field plays a significant role to detect fault and monitor state of many facilities in the fields such as medical treatment, intelligent grid, telecom, transport, chemical industry production [12]- [14]. Voltage sensors have been studied by many methods like piezoelectric effect, electrostrictive effect, Pockels effect or other physical effect [14]- [24], while they usually comprise a large bulk crystal, ceramic and polymer which lead them to have some drawbacks, such as heavy weight, large size and poor stability, making the sensors unsuitable for voltage detection in hardlyaccessible environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Sensing Characteristics of the Sagnac Interferometer Embedded With a Liquid Crystal-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber

Liu

Xue

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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The electrically sensing characteristics of a liquidcrystal-infiltrated polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber have been studied. The small holes on the end face of the fiber collapse and two large holes remain open by controlling dischargingtime, -current and -position of a fiber splicer, then liquid crystal is selectively infiltrated into the two large holes which can not only save liquid crystal, but also make the welding between the liquidcrystal-infiltrated polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber and single-mode fiber much easier. A new method to weld the two fibers is proposed by filling and volatilizing ethanol to make liquid crystal a few millimeters away from the end face which can improve the sensing system stability and prevent the discharge of a fiber splicer from destroying LC molecules. A Sagnac interferometer is set up by embedding the liquidcrystal-infiltrated polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber in a fiber loop and then its electroresponse characteristics are studied. The refractive-index distribution of the liquid-crystalinfiltrated polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber varies with electric voltage due to the variable index of liquid crystal which makes it possible to detect voltage. Three voltage ranges are discussed by the different dips and the sensitivity is improved with voltage increasing. The high sensitivity is up to 3.49 nm/V with the tuning range of 7 nm as voltage changes from 149.67 to 151.61 V. The Sagnac interferometer embedded with a liquidcrystal-infiltrated polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber can be utilized as a voltage sensor, electro-optical modulator or filter.

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A Bias Controllable Birefringence Modulation Measurement System for Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Field

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Development and Research of a Medium Vertical Dipole Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

Development and Research of a Medium Vertical Dipole Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

Integrated optical electric field sensors: humidity stability mechanisms and packaging scheme

Electrically Sensing Characteristics of the Sagnac Interferometer Embedded With a Liquid Crystal-Infiltrated Photonic Crystal Fiber

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