The
electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay with its visual
and high-throughput detection has received considerable attention
in the past decade. However, the development of a facile and cost-effective
ECL device is still a great challenge. Herein, a single-electrode
electrochemical system (SEES) for the visual and high-throughput ECL
immunoassay was developed. The SEES was designed by attaching a plastic
sticker with multiple holes onto a single carbon ink screen-printed
electrode based on a resistance-induced potential difference. Due
to its excellent properties of adsorption and bioaffinity, the carbon
ink screen-printed electrode is applied to immobilize antibodies.
When cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a specific biomarker of acute myocardial
infarction, is present, it will be captured by the immobilized cTnI
antibodies on the electrode surface, inhibiting electron transfer,
resulting in a decrease of the ECL intensity of the luminol–H2O2 system. Using a smartphone as the detector,
cTnI could be determined, ranging from 1 to 1000 ng mL–1, with a detection limit of 0.94 ng mL–1. The SEES
based on the carbon ink screen-printed electrode is characterized
by its high simplicity, cost effectiveness, and user-friendliness
compared with conventional three-electrode systems and bipolar electrochemical
systems using electrode arrays and shows superior advantages over
other immunoassay strategies, with the elimination of multistep assembling
and labeling processes. What is more, the fabricated SEES holds great
potential in the point-of-care testing due to its tiny size and the
combination of a smartphone detector.
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