Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have drawn the attention of numerous researchers owing to their high safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, the dendrite growth and side reactions of the zinc (Zn) anodes limit their further practical applications. Herein, a porous amorphous silicon nitride protective layer with high zincophobicity is constructed on the Zn anode surface, which can guide the uniform stripping/plating of Zn2+ underneath the protective layer through its isotropic Zn affinity to alleviate the growth of dendrites and by‐products. As a result, the amorphous silicon nitride‐protected Zn anode can maintain a stable Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.8% and low voltage hysteresis for 710 cycles in the half cell. The full cell with the as‐prepared Zn anode can deliver excellent electrochemical performances (89.0% capacity retention and 144.4 mAh g−1 discharge capacity after 1000 cycles at 4 A g−1). This work reveals the key role of uniform metal affinity induced by the amorphous materials in the interface modification of metal anodes, which is instructive for the design of stable metal anodes.
Abstract. The standard Schur complement equation based implementation of interior-point methods for second order cone programming may encounter stability problems in the computation of search directions, and as a consequence, accurate approximate optimal solutions are sometimes not attainable. Based on the eigenvalue decomposition of the (1, 1) block of the augmented equation, a reduced augmented equation approach is proposed to ameliorate the stability problems. Numerical experiments show that the new approach can achieve more accurate approximate optimal solutions than the Schur complement equation based approach.
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