Wave energy assessment of the Xisha Group Islands zone for the period 2010–2019

Sun, Zijun; Zhang, Haicheng; Liu, Xiaolong; Ding, Jing; Xu, Daolin; Cai, Zhiwen

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119721

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The state-of-the-art third-generation wave model has been shown to be accurate for general ocean waves [3] . As a result, spectral wave models have been used to study the wave power in a large number of regional seas around the world, including the global sea [4][5][6] and local sea areas such as the Black Sea [7] , the Spain Sea [8][9] , and the South China Sea and its reef islands [10][11] .…”

Section: Wave Energy Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in wave energy converters based on nonlinear stiffness mechanisms

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed.

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Wave energy is one of the most abundant renewable clean energy sources, and has been widely studied because of its advantages of continuity and low seasonal variation. However, its low capture efficiency and narrow capture frequency bandwidth are still technical bottlenecks that restrict the commercial application of wave energy converters (WECs). In recent years, using a nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) for passive control has provided a new way to solve these technical bottlenecks. This literature review focuses on the research performed on the use of nonlinear mechanisms in wave energy device utilization, including the conceptual design of a mechanism, hydrodynamic models, dynamic characteristics, response mechanisms, and some examples of experimental verification. Finally, future research directions are discussed and recommended.

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Section: Wave Energy Resourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in wave energy converters based on nonlinear stiffness mechanisms

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Appl. Math. Mech.-Engl. Ed.

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“…The West Sand and Zhaoshu Island are grouped into the same reef (Wu et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2021). The West Sand is an uninhabited island that has an estimated land area of 0.26 km 2 and 2.1-km coastline (Jia et al, 2019) and is significantly surrounded by dense seagrass meadows.…”

Section: Study Area Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish Assemblages in Subtidal Seagrass Meadows Surrounding the West Sand, South China Sea

Ren

Leung

Qing

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Both beach seine (BS) and line transect-based underwater visual census (UVC) methods were applied to investigate fish assemblages of the West Sand (Xisha Islands, South China Sea) seagrass meadows and their relationship with seagrass coverage. The West Sand seagrass meadows were divided into four survey areas, two (areas A and B) to the north and two (areas C and D) to the south. The average seagrass coverages (%) in the north were significantly higher than those in the south (p < 0.05). The dominant seagrass species is Thalassia hemprichii, contributing to over 70% substrate coverage in all four areas. A total of 843 individuals from 25 fish species belonging to 22 genera, 11 families, and ten orders were recorded, with five species obtained by both BS and UVC methods. The labrids Halichoeres trimaculatus and Stethojulis strigiventer were the only two species that dominated (index of relative importance IRI > 500) in both BS and UVC methods. Fish assemblages among the four areas were significantly different (BS, p = 0.002; UVC, p = 0.002); area A was significantly different from areas B−D (p < 0.05), which was mainly driven by the variation in H. trimaculatus density. Furthermore, fish assemblages of the four areas (abundance data) revealed by both BS (r2 = 0.8455) and UVC (r2 = 0.9354) methods showed high correlation with the seagrass coverage. The majority of the individuals (>93%) recorded by BS and UVC methods were shorter than the total length at maturity (TLm), with 80.36 and 46.13% of individuals less than half the sizes of their TLm, respectively. Our results, for the first time, proved the importance of seagrass meadows at the West Sand as fish nursery grounds. The ecological roles of seagrass habitats in South China Sea merit further investigation.

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“…The SCS has complex geographical and climatical environmental features. For example, the SCS is dominated by the monsoons and the wave propagation direction changes seasonally [12,13]. At the same time, the swell energy is introduced from the Luzon Strait to the northeast and spread to the southwest [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CFOSAT Wave Height Data with In Situ Observations in the South China Sea

Tang

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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The wave spectrometer operated by the China–France Oceanography Satellite (CFOSAT) can provide global ocean wave observation data. Although a lot of work on calibration and verification has been carried out in the open oceans dominated by swells, the quality of the data in the relatively enclosed sea area with complex terrain still lacks sufficient examination. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of the significant wave height data of the CFOSAT in the South China Sea (SCS), a unique sea area characterized by semi-enclosed basin and multi-reef terrain, and to recognize the environmental factors affecting the data quality. Compared against the long-term observations from five mooring or buoy sites, we find that the data is well performed in the relatively open and deep areas of the SCS, with an average correlation coefficient as high as 0.87, and a low average root-mean-square error of 0.47 m. However, the combined effects of complex topography, monsoons, and swell proportion variation will affect the performance of data. In the southern deep areas, the waves may be affected by a large number of dotted reefs, leading to wave deformations and energy dissipation in different seasons. In the northern nearshore areas, waves tend to be sheltered by the land or distorted by the shallow topography effects. These processes make it difficult for the swell to fully develop as in the open oceans. The low proportion of swell is a disadvantage for the CFOSAT to correctly observe the wave data and may lead to possible errors. Our results emphasize the importance of more verification when applying the CFOSAT data in certain local seas, and the necessity to adjust the algorithm of inverting wave spectra according to specific environmental factors.

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Wave energy assessment of the Xisha Group Islands zone for the period 2010–2019

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Recent advances in wave energy converters based on nonlinear stiffness mechanisms

Recent advances in wave energy converters based on nonlinear stiffness mechanisms

Fish Assemblages in Subtidal Seagrass Meadows Surrounding the West Sand, South China Sea

Evaluation of CFOSAT Wave Height Data with In Situ Observations in the South China Sea

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