In this paper, an N-doped titanium oxide (TiO2) photocatalyst is deposited by a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) system through the in-situ doping method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that substitutional nitrogen atoms (∼395.9 eV) with 1 atom% are effectively doped into TiO2 films. UV-VIS spectrometry shows that the in-situ nitrogen doping method indeed enhances the visible-activity of TiO2 films in the 425-550 nm range, and the results of the performance tests of the N-doped TiO2 films also imply that the photocatalysis activity is improved by in-situ doping. The in-situ doping mechanism of the N-doped TiO2 film is suggested according to the XPS results and the typical atomic layer deposition process.
In this study, 2205 duplex stainless steel with 12 mm thickness was welded by alternating magnetic field-assisted laser arc hybrid welding. The effect of an alternating magnetic field on the proportion distribution of two phases of the welded joint was investigated. The texture distribution, grain boundary misorientation, and grain size of welded joints were analyzed and characterized. The uniform distribution of alloying elements in the two phases was improved by a 20 mT alternating magnetic field. The diffusion dissolution of Ni and N elements into the γ phase was promoted, which was conducive to the transition from the α to γ phase and reduced the precipitation of Cr2N, such that the ratio of γ to α was 43.4:56.6. The ratio of the two phases of the weld was balanced by the alternating magnetic field of 30 mT, such that the ratio of γ and α was 44.6:55.4 and the texture dispersion was weakened. The Σ3 twinning boundary of the austenite phase in the weld was transformed to HABs, the ferrite phase underwent dynamic recrystallization, and the austenite phase had a cube texture, copper texture, and goss texture.
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